2. Post-1975 Pretest 1.Which nation collapsed on December 25, 1991? a.The U.S.S.Rc. The United Kingdom b.The U.S.d. Brazil 2.After September 22, 2001, how did the U.S. try to improve security? a.U.S. borders were permanently closed. b.Airlines no longer land in the U.S. c.The Patriot Act passed. d.The U.S. jailed all September 11 th hijackers.

3. 3.With what country did the U.S. fight against in the Persian War? a.Afghanistanc. Israel b.Kuwait d. Iraq 4.What organization is responsible for the 9/11 attacks? a.Saddam Husseinc. Democrats b.Al Qaedad. Kuwait 5.President Bush declared_________ in response to the 9/11 attacks. a.Operation Desert Stormc. Civil War b.War on Iraqd. War on Terrorism

4. In 1985, Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev knew his country could not continue an arms race against the USA. The Soviet economy was in bad shape. Many Soviets were poor and hurting.

5.  The Soviet Union could not keep spending billions of dollars on nuclear weapons; it needed to spend more on improving production and providing basic needs for its citizens. freedom of speech  Under Gorbachev, the USSR made changes that allowed more freedom and some capitalism – he even allowed freedom of speech for the first time.

6.  Once the people in these countries got a taste of freedom, many of them did not want to remain citizens under communist governments anymore – now that they could speak out, citizens demanded independence.  By the late 80’s, communist governments began to fall and many Eastern European countries replaced their old communist regimes with more democratic forms of government and allowed more capitalism.

7. Ronald Reagan 1981 – 1989 Pressured the U.S.S.R. to break apart. “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall” U.S. offered to help them rebuild governments

8. Berlin WallBuilt in 1961

10.  Germany became a unified country once again.  The East German government opened the border between East & West Berlin!  People celebrated in the streets, climbing on the Berlin Wall and breaking it apart with hammers and chisels.

12.  Eventually, the Soviet Union dissolved in the early ‘90s.  It broke into several independent countries.  The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War and Western fears about communism in Europe.

13.  Knocked it down because it was no longer necessary – allowed people to travel back and forth between E & W Berlin

14.  Fall or breakdown of USSR – countries were independent to have their own government