1. GPS – Global Positioning System

2. How Do You Use a GPS?  Each brand of GPS is set up differently.  At the Smith Center, we use Garmin etrex units.

3. GPS – Global Positioning System Internal GPS Antenna UP Button DOWN Button PAGE Button POWER Button LCD Display with Backlight ENTER Button

4. GPS – Global Positioning System The GPS receiver displays pages with separate functions.  There are four main pages that you will be using to navigate:

5. GPS – Global Positioning System Let’s Get Started!  All GPS receivers operate on information gathered from satellites. In order to receive the satellite signals, you must be outside, away from any objects such as trees or overhangs that might block the signal. You need a clear view of the sky.

6. GPS – Global Positioning System Step 1: Push and hold down the POWER BUTTON to turn the unit on. You’ll see the “Welcome” page for a few seconds, followed by the Satellite Page.

7. GPS – Global Positioning System How do I know I’m ready to go?  When you see the “Ready to Navigate” message, you know the etrex has locked onto the satellite signal.  This must be displayed before you can begin using the GPS to navigate.  Signal strength bar will be filled in to indicate the GPS has locked onto signal.

8. GPS – Global Positioning System Satellite Page Basics:  Two display pages: Normal Skyview that shows the satellites, satellite signal strength, and estimated accuracy. Advanced Skyview that shows you the numbered satellites being used, the proximity and horizon and sky overhead.

9. GPS – Global Positioning System NAVIGATION PAGE BASICS  The Navigation Page guides you to your destination. It shows you your moving direction and speed. If you have a specific destination entered into the GPS, the page shows you the name of the location, the distance and displays a direction arrow that is shown in the compass ring.

10. GPS – Global Positioning System NAVIGATION PAGE BASICS: We’ll be using LATITUDE and LONGITUDE coordinates to describe locations. Latitude measures distances North or South from the Equator (0°) towards the Poles. (90°)

11. GPS – Global Positioning System Lines of Longitude

12. GPS – Global Positioning System Lines of Latitude

13. GPS – Global Positioning System Combined!

14. GPS – Global Positioning System The units that we will be using to measure are: Degrees (°) North 39° Minutes ( ‘ ) 06 And... THOUSAND THS of Minutes!.582’ West 77°06.086’

15. GPS – Global Positioning System MAIN MENU BASICS:  With the main menu you can create waypoints, routes, save and view your track logs. If you select MARK, you can mark your location as a waypoint.

16. GPS – Global Positioning System GOING TO A WAYPOINT:  Press the PAGE button and switch to the MENU Page  Press UP or DOWN and highlight WAYPOINTS. Press ENTER..  Press the UP or DOWN button and highlight the alphabetical tab for the waypoint. Press ENTER.  This will take you to a list of waypoints.  Highlight a waypoint, and press ENTER.

17. GPS – Global Positioning System  REVIEW WAYPOINT page appears. REVIEW WAYPOINT allows you to change coordinates, name, symbols, and delete waypoints.  On the REVIEW WAYPOINT page, press the UP or DOWN button and highlight GOTO, press enter.

18. GPS – Global Positioning System  GPS technology allows us to identify locations of specific areas based on absolute location  Useful in finding an area not a specific point  Latitude and longitude coordinates are given for each potential settlement location

19. GPS – Global Positioning System GOING TO A WAYPOINT It would be VERY difficult to use the GPS Unit by itself to find your way to your waypoint, so you will also need to know how to use...

20. GPS – Global Positioning System A Map! Use the map to look for landmarks, to stay on trails, to gauge distances, and to find your way back!

21. GPS – Global Positioning System STEPS TO USING THE GPS:  From the SATELITE page, press the PAGE button until you come to the MENU page.  Scroll down to WAYPOINTS, press ENTER.  Scroll down to the waypoint you wish to find. Press ENTER.  The REVIEW WAYPOINT screen will appear, select GO TO, the COMPASS page will appear.  Begin walking. The arrow will reorient in the direction you should be walking if you could walk a straight line to your waypoint. You WILL need to adjust your line of travel to avoid obstacles and to remain on trails.

22. GPS – Global Positioning System STEPS TO LOCATING THE Patterns of Settlement Sites (PSSC #):  Follow the arrow and stay on trails to find desired coordinates. Remember that the GPS is only accurate within 10 meters. When close you need to begin looking for the location clues.  At this point, you will need to spread your group out and look around the area.

23. GPS – Global Positioning System ONCE YOU’VE FOUND THE Site:  Observe the surrounding area for natural advantages and natural resources.  Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this location  Fill in the graphic organizer with as much detail as possible  Continue to the next Site

24. Where oh where should my little lamb grow - up? Patterns Of Settlement Where oh where should my little “children” grow - up?

25. The Big Questions:  * Why do people settle in certain locations?  * How does geography affect human settlement?  * How do civilizations adapt to their environment?

26. Think Survival  What do I NEED?

27. Think Avoidance  What do I NEED to AVOID?

28. Think Progress  What will help my civilization advance and grow powerful?

29. Think Government  How will I manage, control, inspire, lead, support… the people living with me?

30. Think Economy  How will I make money and grow wealthy?

31. Think Culture  What do I want to do for fun?  How will my life have purpose and meaning?

32. IN CONCLUSION Where shall I live? ( Or start my civilization)  Which location is best suited to settle at? Please list at least 3 reasons why it is the best place.  Please list at least 3 reasons why the other places you visited would not be as suitable for development.

33. GPS – Global Positioning System THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND:  Do not cross roads (except Meadowside Lane).  Stay on trails as much as possible.  You may need to go around rocks or cross streams.  Stay together – do not leave your group.  Use your map and compass in conjunction with the GPS.  Respect the park! Take only your memories, leave only your footprints.

34. GPS – Global Positioning System  IMPORTANT POINTS:  GPS technology is limited – tree canopy and cloud cover affect signal strength  Be aware of your direction of travel. Use a map.  Watch the time! Return on  time!