1. Chapter 19 Chairside Instruments and Tray systems.

2. Structural Parts of Dental Hand Instruments
Working End
The end of the instrument that actually performs the function.
Comes in three generalized categories.
Point
Blade
Nib

3. Descriptions of the working end!
Point:
sharp tip
used to:
explore and detect.
Example: explorer

4. Description of working end cont.
Blade:
flat or curved,
rounded edge or a cutting edge.
beveled or bi-beveled,
Example:
Gregg 4/5 (round edge),
Hollenback carver, (beveled edge).

5. Description of working end cont.
Nib:
a blunt or flat end.
serrated or smooth.
Example:
Amalgam condenser,
Endodontic plugger.

6. Classification of Dental Instruments
Instruments are classified by:
Number of working ends.
Function.
Manufactures name.
Black’s number formula.
G.V. Black

7. Number of working ends Single-ended: Double-ended: one working end
generally a longer handle.
single function
multi-function
Double-ended:
ends are same,
opposite directions
left and right
different functions
different sizes
paired mesial or distal

8. Instruments classified by function
CUTTING:
used to design (shape or form)
the cavity prep,
define and refine walls / floor of the prep.
Cuts enamel and dentin.

9. The six cutting hand instruments
1. Chisels: shapes the walls,
pushing motion.
2. Hatchets: refine walls / retention,
paired left and right.
3. Hoes: smooth and shape the floor
pulling motion.
4. Angle formers: defines point angles = corners of the prep.
downward pushing motion.

10. Chisel Hatchet Hoe Angle former

11. Cutting instruments cont.
5. Gingival margin trimmer (GMT)
double ended instrument
comes paired mesial and distal.
Are used to bevel (slant or angle) the gingival margin of the cavity prep.
cuts enamel.
It does not trim/cut the gums.

12. GMT distal GMTmesial

13. Cutting instruments cont.
6. Excavator,
AKA Spoon excavator
scoop and remove caries and debris from the prep/tooth.
Double ended
Used when there is a risk of perforating into the pulp chamber with the handpiece and bur.

14. Spoon excavators

15. Carving instruments T-3 carver: Hollenback carver:
carves amalgam occlusal and proximal surfaces
Hollenback carver:
carves amalgam proximal surfaces.
Cleoid-Discoid carver: aka (C-D)
carves amalgam occlusal.
All can be used to carve anatomy (pits and fissures) into the occlusal surface.

16. Cleoid- discoid Hollenback T-3

17. Basic set-up Standard basic set-up. Mouth mirror Explorer
Cotton pliers
AKA cotton forceps or pick-ups.

18. Aspirating Syringe and needles.
Delivers anesthetic!
Used to check needle position.
Not in a vein.
Needles
Different ga.
Size of opening
25, 27, 30 (common)
Different lengths
X-long / Long
Short / X-short

19. Dental Rotary Instruments
Burs, aka rotary instruments!
discs,
stones,
rubber polishers,
mandrels,
lab burs.
Used for
cavity preparation,
finishing and polishing restorations,
surgical procedures
adjusting appliances.

20. Parts of the bur! Shank: Straight shank: Latch-type shank:
the part of the bur you place in the chuck of the handpiece.
Straight shank:
larger diameter shanks
associated with lab burs.
Latch-type shank:
has a notch
contra-angle attachment
slow-speed handpiece
Friction-grip shank:
smooth on the end
high-speed handpiece

21. Parts of the bur cont. Head: Neck:
is the working end of the bur. It performs the function.
different shapes
different sizes
different # of blades or coarseness
Neck:
is the tapered part of the bur that connects the shank to the head of the bur.

22. Carbide Burs
Round: FG or latch, opens the tooth and removes caries. Sized 1/4 - 10

23. Carbide Burs
Inverted cone: FG or latch, removes caries and place retention grooves / undercuts. Sized 331/ or 37L (long)

24. Straight. Cross-cut. Tapered Cross-cut fissure. straight fissure
Straight Cross-cut Tapered Cross-cut fissure straight fissure fissure tapered fissure

25. Carbide Burs cont. Diamond burs: End cutting: Wheel: Pear:
rapid reduction of tooth structure (coarse)
polishing and finishing (fine)
occlusal adjustments.
Identified by grit:
(fine, med., coarse)
Variety of shapes and sizes.
End cutting:
form the shoulders of crown preps.
Wheel:
used to form retention in the prep.
Pear:
used to open and extend the prep. Sized (L)

26. Diamond burs.

27. Additional Burs Finishing burs: Surgical burs:
smooth, trim, and finish restorative material.
increased # of blades (carbide) or finer grit (diamond)
different shapes and sizes,
gold colored shank (carbide)
Surgical burs:
FG or latch grip,
reduce, remove, or reshape the bone
section (cut) a tooth into pieces.
Many shapes and sizes
shaft of the bur is longer

28. Additional burs cont.

29. Additional rotary instruments
Stones: used for cutting, polishing and finishing restorations and appliances.
Many different shapes and sizes.
Common stones
white and green stones.
Rubber points or cups: aka greenies, and brownies.
FG or latch.
polish metals and define anatomy in restorations.
polishing amalgam and gold

30. Additional rotary instruments

31. Additional rotary instruments
Lab bur: AKA acrylic bur or a vulcanite bur.
Used to adjust appliances, extraorally.
used in a lathe in the dental lab.
Many different shapes and sizes.
Mandrel: designed to hold polishing disks.
used to smooth, polish and adjust composite.
different grits,
discs are made of:
metal,
plastic,
paper.

32. Additional rotary instruments

33. Bur Blocks Bur blocks hold, separate, and organize burs.
set up by bur, doctor, or procedure.
magnetic
different shapes and sizes,
autoclaveable.

34. High Speed Handpieces Working end: Shank: Connection end: aka head
where the bur is placed
Shank:
aka the handle.
the part of the handpiece you hold onto.
Connection end:
the end that attaches to the power source or line.

35. Slow-speed handpiece AKA low-speed, or straight handpiece.
Rotates about 30,000 rpm.
Used with a contra-angle or pro/right angle attachment.
No water, but can and does produce frictional heat.

36. Instrument tray systems
Pre-set trays: very common, saves time.
Instruments should be set according to the order they will be used.
This may vary from doctor to doctor.
Color-coding: may be used to identify:
Which procedure they are for.
Which operatory they belong in.
Which doctor they belong to.

37. Instrument tray systems

38. Closing
Knowing and understanding dental instruments and their functions are very important parts of your job.
This is a foundation for you to build you instrument knowledge.
Any questions?