1. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 61 Basic Motivation Concepts

2. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 62 What Is Motivation? Direction Persistence Intensity

3. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 63 Maslow ’ s Hierarchy of Needs SelfEsteemSocialSafetyPhysiological

4. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 64 Theory X Workers Dislike Work Avoid Responsibility Little Ambition Theory Y Workers Enjoy Work Accept Responsibility Self-Directed

5. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 65 Herzberg ’ s Two-Factor Theory Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors Quality of supervision Rate of pay Company policies Working conditions Relations with others Job security Quality of supervision Rate of pay Company policies Working conditions Relations with others Job security Career Advancement Personal growth Recognition Responsibility Achievement Career Advancement Personal growth Recognition Responsibility Achievement High Job Dissatisfaction Job Satisfaction 0

6. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 66 Alderfer ’ s ERG Theory ExistenceExistence Growth RelatednessRelatedness

7. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 67 The Theory of Needs DavidMcClelland The Theory of Needs DavidMcClelland Need for Achievement(nAch) Achievement(nAch) Power(nPow) Power(nPow) Affiliation(nAff) Affiliation(nAff)

8. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 68 Cognitive Evaluation Intrinsic Motivators Intrinsic Motivators Extrinsic Motivators Extrinsic Motivators

9. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 69 Specificity Challenge Feedback Participation Commitment Self-efficacy Characteristics Culture Goal-Setting Theory

10. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 610 Reinforcement Theory Consequences Rewards No Rewards Punishment Behavior

11. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 611 Ratio Comparison* Employee ’ s Perception Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes B Inputs B Outcomes B Inputs B Outcomes B Inputs B < = > Inequity (Under-Rewarded) Equity Inequity (Over-Rewarded) * Where A is the employee, and B is a relevant other or referent. Equity Theory

12. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 612 Research into Equity Amount and Allocation of Rewards Perceived Fairness of the Distribution Process DistributiveJusticeProceduralJustice

13. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 613 Expectancy Theory 3. Rewards-personal goals relationship 1. Effort-performance relationship 2. Performance-rewards relationship IndividualEffortIndividualPerformance PersonalGoals OrganizationalRewards 1 2 3

14. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 614 Performance Dimensions OpportunityMotivation Ability Performance

15. ©Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 615 An Integrative Model of Motivation Personal Goals Personal Goals Individual Performance Individual Performance Individual Effort Individual Effort Goals Direct Behavior Goals Direct Behavior High nAch High nAch Ability Opportunity Performance Appraisal Criteria Performance Appraisal Criteria Performance Appraisal System Performance Appraisal System Reinforcement Dominant Needs Dominant Needs Equity Comparison O I A I B Equity Comparison O I A I B Organization Rewards Organization Rewards