1. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 1 SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation

2. Slide 2 Peacekeepers’ Motto  Understanding communication and negotiation  Negotiating in peace operations  Working with interpreters  Understanding communication and negotiation  Negotiating in peace operations  Working with interpreters

3. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 3 SESSION I: Understanding communication and negotiation  Peacekeepers’ need for communication and negotiation skills  Principles of negotiation  Techniques of communication  Peacekeepers’ need for communication and negotiation skills  Principles of negotiation  Techniques of communication

4. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 4 War  Victory  Surprise  Combat War  Victory  Surprise  Combat Peacekeeping  Peace  Visibility  Negotiation

5. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 5 Negotiation is... ... not capitulation ... a process, not an outcome ... communication that aims at reaching agreement ... not capitulation ... a process, not an outcome ... communication that aims at reaching agreement

6. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 6 To achieve a “positive peace”  Use of Force ― less effective: parties comply while force is applied  Negotiation ― more effective: parties cooperate voluntarily  Use of Force ― less effective: parties comply while force is applied  Negotiation ― more effective: parties cooperate voluntarily

7. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 7 Principles of Negotiation:  Understand your mandate  Understand their interests  Understand the cultural context  Understand your mandate  Understand their interests  Understand the cultural context

8. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 8  Advance preparation = key to successful negotiation  General preparation = key for impromptu response  Know local history, culture and conflict  Know your mandate and orders  Use start of negotiations to learn more about problem  Advance preparation = key to successful negotiation  General preparation = key for impromptu response  Know local history, culture and conflict  Know your mandate and orders  Use start of negotiations to learn more about problem

9. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 9 Frequent negotiating topics  Freedom of movement (passage through roadblock)  Relationships between peacekeepers and others  Recurrence of violence  Dispute management  Arrangements for special events  Freedom of movement (passage through roadblock)  Relationships between peacekeepers and others  Recurrence of violence  Dispute management  Arrangements for special events

10. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 10 Communication Techniques  Listen (alert and focused)  Paraphrase (for clarification)  Communicate openness  Reframe (for flexibility)  Communicate non-verbally (body language)  Listen (alert and focused)  Paraphrase (for clarification)  Communicate openness  Reframe (for flexibility)  Communicate non-verbally (body language)

11. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 11 Cross-Cultural Communication  Show respect, do nothing to offend  Identify expectations  Maintain UN standards and guidelines  Show respect, do nothing to offend  Identify expectations  Maintain UN standards and guidelines

12. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 12 SESSION I: Understanding Communication and Negotiation  Peacekeepers’ Need for Communication and Negotiation Skills  Principles of Negotiation  Techniques of Communication  Peacekeepers’ Need for Communication and Negotiation Skills  Principles of Negotiation  Techniques of Communication

13. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 13 SESSION I : Summary Your tools arecommunication and negotiation. Your guideposts areyour mandate, their interests and the cultural/historic context. Your watchwords are“Respect others, do no harm”. Your tools arecommunication and negotiation. Your guideposts areyour mandate, their interests and the cultural/historic context. Your watchwords are“Respect others, do no harm”.

14. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 14 SESSION II: Negotiating in Peace Operations  Stages of negotiation 1: Opening 2: Discussion 3: Closing Reporting negotiations  Stages of negotiation 1: Opening 2: Discussion 3: Closing Reporting negotiations

15. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 15 Negotiations ― Stage 1: The Opening  Parties introduce themselves  Follow customs and protocol  Present and agree the agenda  Discuss and agree the rules of procedure  Parties introduce themselves  Follow customs and protocol  Present and agree the agenda  Discuss and agree the rules of procedure

16. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 16 Negotiations ― Stage 2: The Discussions  Opening Statements  Body language: respectful attention  Complaints: be clear, detailed & in writing  If anti-UN, correct misinformation, do not react  Identify issues that parties want to discuss  Opening Statements  Body language: respectful attention  Complaints: be clear, detailed & in writing  If anti-UN, correct misinformation, do not react  Identify issues that parties want to discuss

17. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 17 Negotiations ― Stage 2: The Discussions  List emerging options  Refine options to proposals  Identify common positions  Summarize proposals  Present for agreement  Discuss implementation  Prepare news release  List emerging options  Refine options to proposals  Identify common positions  Summarize proposals  Present for agreement  Discuss implementation  Prepare news release

18. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 18 Negotiations ― Stage 3: The Closing  Present final draft for adoption  Negotiate last changes  Record and adopt final statement  Sign and distribute original copies  Agree on next meeting  Close meeting with customs, protocol  Present final draft for adoption  Negotiate last changes  Record and adopt final statement  Sign and distribute original copies  Agree on next meeting  Close meeting with customs, protocol

19. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 19 Reporting Negotiations  Immediate “sitrep”  Detailed report  Immediate “sitrep”  Detailed report

20. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 20 SESSION II: Negotiating in Peace Operations  Stages of Negotiation 1: Opening 2: Discussion 3: Closing Reporting Negotiation  Stages of Negotiation 1: Opening 2: Discussion 3: Closing Reporting Negotiation

21. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 21 SESSION II: Summary  Three stages of negotiation as communication process aiming at agreement  Use common sense and apply guidelines appropriately  Report proceedings to ensure implementation  Three stages of negotiation as communication process aiming at agreement  Use common sense and apply guidelines appropriately  Report proceedings to ensure implementation

22. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 22 SESSION III: Working with Interpreters  Negotiating in different languages  Tactics of working with interpreters  Negotiating in different languages  Tactics of working with interpreters

23. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 23 Language assistants are not trained as professionals Peacekeepers should:  Expect incomplete interpretation  Facilitate job by:  using short sentences  avoiding unfamiliar words, jokes, idioms Peacekeepers should:  Expect incomplete interpretation  Facilitate job by:  using short sentences  avoiding unfamiliar words, jokes, idioms

24. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 24 Working with Interpreters  Regard your local staff as your local ambassador  Avoid showing disrespect towards country, culture, people  Brief interpreters on how to do job  Physical position (standing/sitting)  Content of interpretation  Regard your local staff as your local ambassador  Avoid showing disrespect towards country, culture, people  Brief interpreters on how to do job  Physical position (standing/sitting)  Content of interpretation

25. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 25  Negotiating in different languages  Tactics of working with interpreters  Negotiating in different languages  Tactics of working with interpreters SESSION III: Working with Interpreters

26. SGTM 11: Communication and Negotiation Slide 26 SESSION III: Summary  Expect incomplete interpretation  Brief interpreters on how to do job  Facilitate interpreters’ job  Regard your staff as your ambassadors  Expect incomplete interpretation  Brief interpreters on how to do job  Facilitate interpreters’ job  Regard your staff as your ambassadors