1. Fiction and Nonfiction

2. All categories of books or stories can be called either fiction or non-fiction.
A made up story
Can tell about things that could happen
Is read for fun
Characters may be like real people or imaginary
Non-Fiction
Has facts that can be checked and proven
The author is an expert on this information.

3. Fiction or Nonfiction? Fiction
Story is created from the author’s imagination
Stories are pretend
Animals or objects can talk, wear clothes, have jobs
People in the story can do things people cannot really do
Story might have funny pictures

4. Forms of Fiction There are three main forms of fiction.
Novel: long work of fiction; contains the basic elements of fiction; may contain subplots along with the main plot
Subplots: independent related stories
Novella: shorter than a novel but longer than a short story
Short Story: brief work of fiction; contains basic elements of fiction; one main plot; one conflict; most can be read in one sitting

5. What is Fiction? Fiction is a story that is not real.
Picture books
Chapter books
Comics
Story books

6. Genres of Fiction Mystery (Nancy Drew) Horror (Goosebumps)
Fantasy (Harry Potter)
Science-fiction (Star Wars)
Myths, Fairytales, Legends (Cinderella)
Historical Fiction (Letters from Rifka)
Can you name any others?

7. Elements of Fiction Setting Character Plot Point of View Theme
Symbolism
Other

8. Fiction or Nonfiction? Nonfiction Story is true and factual
Stories are about real people
Book gives information
Might have maps or real pictures
Pictures have captions describing the photograph
An index in the back helps find information
Might have a glossary which defines some words

9. What is Non-Fiction? Text that is TRUE and based on REAL information
Forms of Non-Fiction Text:
Newspapers Dictionaries
Encyclopedias Scholastic News
Textbooks Magazines
Non-Fiction Books

10. Forms of Nonfiction
Two broad categories of nonfiction are literary nonfiction and functional texts.
Literary Nonfiction: has elements of fiction; For example it might use vivid descriptions, a dramatic writing style, or poetic language.
Functional Texts: give instructions, show directions, explain rules, provide other information that helps you complete procedures; often use illustrations or graphics

11. Literary Nonfiction Autobiographies and memoirs:
tell the story of the author’s life
Biographies:
tell the story of someone’s life from the
perspective of another writer
Letters:
written communications from person to person

12. Essays and Articles:
brief works about a specific topic
Reviews:
tell what is good and what is bad about a work of
art or performance.
Reports:
give information about a topic explored through
research

13. Functional Texts Recipes: tell how to prepare food
Directions: tell how to operate or assemble equipment
Schedules: tell when events take place
Menus: tell which foods are available and their cost
Brochures: use pictures and text to advertise places or events
Maps: are diagrams that show areas of land
Applications: are written requests to an authority

14. Features of Non-Fiction
Table of Contents
Glossary
Index
Headings
Bold Print
Photographs/Real Pictures
Charts, Graphs, and Maps
Captions
Fact and Opinion

15. Table of Contents It tells you what is in the book
It tells you the heading and the page number
It is found in the front
Table of Contents
What is Fiction? Page 1
What is Non-Fiction? Page 3
Features of Non-Fiction Page 5
Forms of Non-Fiction Page 10

16. Glossary It gives you a word and its definition
It is in alphabetical order
The important words are in bold print
Usually found in the back of the text

17. Index
A list in alphabetical order of common important words or topics with page numbers
Found in the back of the text

18. Headings They tell us what the new topic is about
Found at the top of the page or at the beginning of a new topic

19. Charts, Graphs, and Maps Illustrations of important information
Found throughout the text

20. Fiction or Nonfiction?  a mouse that sings  how to cook spaghetti
 the life of the president of the United States
 a person who can jump over a house
 flowers that sing
 an elephant that wears a ballerina tutu
 wild animals that live in Africa
 the surface of the moon
 a dog that can talk
 how to grow a garden
 a moose that can drive a bus
 how the heart pumps blood in the body
 a tree made of chocolate and gumdrops
 which foods are healthy to eat
 how to draw a bird
 a snowman that comes to life

21. Elements
Setting
Character
Point of View
Plot
Theme
Narrator

22. Setting

23. Setting: the time, place and period in which the action takes place.
The Bean Trees: Arizona/Oklahoma 1980s.
Lord of the Flies: deserted island, the future.
The Catcher in the Rye: New York, 1940s

24. Setting Time and place are where the action occurs
Details that describe:
Furniture
Scenery
Customs
Transportation
Clothing
Dialects
Weather
Time of day
Time of year

25. Describe the setting.

26. Describe the setting.

27. Characters
The people, animals, or things in the
story.

28. The protagonist is the “good guy”

29. The antagonist is the “bad guy” or force

30. Factors in Analyzing Characters
Physical appearance of character
Personality
Background/personal history
Motivation
Relationships
Conflict
Does character change?

31. The point of view is the perspective of the story
“I was framed! I just wanted to borrow a cup of sugar!”
“That rotten wolf tried to eat us!!!!”

32. Plot
The series of events and actions that takes place in a story.

33. Theme
The theme of a piece of fiction is its message about life. It usually contains some insight into the human condition.
In most short stories, the theme can be expressed in a single sentence.
In longer works of fiction, the central theme is often accompanied by a number of lesser, related themes, or there may be two or more central themes.

34. Central Idea
Nonfiction often conveys a central idea supported by details
Central Idea
Detail

35. Narrator The narrator’s perspective is the way he or she sees things.
A speaker or a character who tells a story.
The narrator’s perspective is the way he or she sees things.

36. Dialogue Dialogue is a conversation between two or more characters.
“Where’s teacher?”
“She’ll be back.”
“She’d better hurry, we’ll miss it!”
From “All Summer in a Day” by Ray Bradbury