1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

3. Photosynthesis overview: Performed by PLANTS ONLY! All photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast! Making sunlight into energy and oxygen 6 CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose)+ 6O 2 Occurs in 2 Steps Light dependent & Light Independent: Light dependent uses sunlight to make energy! Occurs in the Thylakoid membrane Light Independent uses the Calvin Cycle to make glucose! Occurs in the Stroma

4. Where does Photosynthesis occur?: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts! Thylakoid = Membranous sacs that hold chlorophyll Stroma = Dense fluid that fills the chloroplast

5. Photosynthesis occurs in 2 Steps: 1.) Light-dependent reactions 2.) Light-independent reactions

6. Step 1: Light- dependent Reactions Sunlight drives light-dependent reactions (rxns) Take place in the Thylakoid of the chloroplast 2 Phases of Light-dependent rxns:

7. Light-dependent Reactions: As sunlight enters, it’s energy is transferred to electrons by splitting water molecules. Light-dependent reactions have 2 phases: Occurs 1st: In photosystem II electron energy is used to attach phosphates (to make ATP) Occurs 2nd: In photosystem I electron energy bonds Hydrogen atoms NADP + (to make NADPH) Both of these are produced in the Thylakoid membrane!! O 2 is released as a byproduct (This is the air we breathe!!!)

8. Photosystems I & II: Excreted as WASTE

9. Photosystem II (PSII): Lumen = Filling inside the thylakoid membrane H + pumped in by protein H + diffuses out of cell through ATP synthase Makes energy to create ATP Diffusion out “turns wheel” Lumen

10. Photosystem I (PSI): Occurs in the Thylakoid Membrane Electron is excited and used to power special molecule This special molecule attaches H+ to NADP+ to form NADPH.

11. Photosystems I & II: Excreted as WASTE

13. Light Independent Reactions: 1.) Light Dependent 2.) Light Independent

14. The Calvin Cycle: ATP and NADPH used (NO LIGHT USED) Takes place in stroma