1. Levels of Organization

2. Factors Biotic Factor - living environment, including all organisms
Abiotic Factor - nonliving/physical environment
Limiting Factor- something an organism needs to survive that is in short supply
i.e. Food, Water, Space

3. What is Biotic? Abiotic?

4. Levels of Organization
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Individual

5. Levels of Ecological Organization
Individuals
Populations: Members of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.
Communities: All the populations of different species that live and interact together within an area at the same time.

6. What is in our biological community?

7. Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
Ecosystems: Community together with it’s physical environment. (Biotic and Abiotic components)

8. What is in our ecosystem?

9. Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
Biome: A large area that has a particular climate, and particular species of plants and animals that live there (tundra)

10. Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
Biosphere:All the earth’s organisms and their interactions with each other, the land, the water, and the atmosphere.

11. Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere

12. Activity In your groups: DUE 9/18-19
Use the Continent that was assigned to you.
Come up with a pyramid showing the levels of organization that would be seen on your continent.
You may use your cellphones/laptops/etc to research information
Make a mneumonic BBECPO
DUE 9/18-19

13. Flow of Energy and Matter

14. ENERGY
*The basis of every organism’s interaction with the environment is its need for ENERGY to power life’s processes
Organisms are classified by how they get energy:
Autotroph
Heterotroph

15. Autotrophs (producers)
1. chemoautotrophs- use chemical energy (inorganic molecules) to produce sugars
Ex: sulfur bacteria
2. photoautotrophs- use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars (glucose)
Ex: cyanobacteria, algae, plants

16. Chemoautotrophs

17. Photoautotrophs (Bacteria, Algae, and Plants)
Cyanobacteria (Bacteria)
Plants
Algae (Protist)
Algae (Protist)

18. Heterotrophs 1. Herbivores 2. Carnivores 3. Omnivores 4. Detritivores
Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy (have to eat food or absorb it)
1. Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Omnivores
4. Detritivores
5. Decomposers

19. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Exchange of materials (Energy & Nutrients)

20. Food Chains
Feeding of one organism upon another in a sequence of food transfers
Represents the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
(Sun) Rose plant  Aphids  Beetle  Chameleon  Hawk

21. Food Webs
Many different food chains in an ecosystem are cross-linked to form a web

22. Trophic levels Feeding positions in a food chain/web
Producers (autotrophs)
Consumers (heterotrophs)
Primary Consumer
Herbivore
Secondary Consumer
Carnivore/Omnivore
Tertiary Consumer

23. Ecological Pyramids
Shows trophic levels and flow of energy or matter from one level to the next
3 types
Numbers Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
Energy Pyramid

24. Numbers Pyramid Shows the number of organisms in each trophic level
Can be misleading—doesn’t take into account the size of organisms
Not always same shape
For example: Forest ecosystem (fewer numbers of trees than numbers of insects)

26. Biomass Pyramid
Shows total mass of organisms in each trophic level

27. Energy Pyramid
Shows total amount of energy present in each trophic level
Shows loss of energy from one trophic level to the next (90% of energy is lost)
Loss of energy due to waste, metabolism (such as cell respiration, growth/development), much is lost as heat

31. Energy Flow/Food Web Assignment
PART 1
From the Energy Flow Handout, create two food webs
Producers at the bottom
Try not to cross lines
Only write the organism name once
Include arrows showing the direction of energy
Using colored pencils outline 5 separate food chains in each food web
PART 2
Create two energy pyramids (one with 3 trophic levels; one with 4 trophic levels) for each food web
PART 3
Complete the Energy in the Ecosystem Worksheet
DUE 10/7-8