1. Potential Regional AMDAR Programs: Caribbean, Central and South America David R. Helms Office of Science and Technology NOAA National Weather Service AMDAR Regional Workshop Mexico City, Mexico November 8, 2011

2. Potential Regional AMDAR Programs: Caribbean, Central and South America WGAP Task: Study on AMDAR Coverage and Targeting for Future Airline Recruitment Coverage Gaps Challenges of Regional Programs Partnerships Filling Gaps: Leveraging Existing AMDAR Programs Airlines and aircraft operating in the region Table of Contents

3. WMO Global AMDAR Programme (WGAP) Study on AMDAR Coverage and Targeting Task: Develop an implementation plan for the evolution of the AMDAR Program for the next 10 years Identify WMO, National and Industry Requirements for AMDAR Analyze and define the current status of the WGAP, focusing on coverage gaps Survey the airline industry to determine and define those airlines and aircraft that are technically suitable candidates for AMDAR Project commenced by December 2011 and completed by mid- 2012

4. Regional AMDAR: Coverage Gaps Recent AMDAR Coverage

5. Regional AMDAR: Coverage Gaps Recent AMDAR Coverage – 24hrs Obs Counts

6. Regional AMDAR: Challenges Issue: Limited recent success in growing AMDAR into south/east Asia, Africa, Caribbean, Central and South America - Case Study: WMO AMDAR Workshop in Santiago, Chile, 2005 Challenges and Potential Barriers: - Language barriers between WMO and Host Country - Outreach/Programmatic understanding - Perceived threats to incumbent observing systems - Air Carrier Destinations verses Political Boundaries - Aviation verses Weather Federal Agency Competition - Limited knowledge of AMDAR by Air Carriers - Availability of AMDAR capable aircraft

7. Regional AMDAR: Building Partnerships Paradigm Shift: Owning an observing system verses Building Partnerships Users - Federal Aviation - Numerical Weather Prediction - Air Quality - Dispersion/Volcanic Ash Plume Prediction - National Met Service Public Weather/Hydrology - Defense - State Department Capacity Building Build the case for cost sharing and for a Regional AMDAR budget

8. Regional AMDAR: Leveraging Existing AMDAR USA and E-AMDAR participating Air Carriers fly into RA III and IV airports Most of these carrier’s aircraft operating in the Caribbean, Central and South America are not providing AMDAR data While number of airports available may be limited, these aircraft have the potential for providing a large amount of upper-air observations in the region: - USA/NOAA added Alaska Airlines to its MDCRS Program, to support SMN - E-AMDAR Program could use its optimization capability to collect observation from selected airports

9. Regional AMDAR: Considerations for Selecting an Air Carrier Partner Fleet Technical Characteristics: a.Aircraft, type, series b.Modern avionics (ARINC 620 capable) c.Cost of configuring avionics to create and send AMDAR messages d.Air Carrier Routes as gap filling capability Air Carrier: a.Staff understanding of AMDAR as benefit to operations b.Full-time meteorology staff in dispatch (potential role as advocates) c.Lead Pilot support for AMDAR d.Ability for natural advocates (e.g., meteorologist and lead pilot) to influence corporate decision makers e.Potential for cost sharing (e.g., use of latent bandwidth on air-to-ground contract) with government f.Availability of communications contract with ARINC and/or SITA g.Corporate Growth, revenue and profits, projected new aircraft and routes

10. Regional AMDAR Program A Partial List of Potential AMDAR Partners in Caribbean, Central and South America

11. RA III and IV: LAN Airlines Based in Chile (Brazil) $11.5 billion (US) in revenue, 240 aircraft (mostly Airbus 319-100 and 320-200), 100+ destinations

12. RA III and IV: TAM Airlines

13. RA III and IV: GOL – Linhas Aereas Based in Sao Palo, Brazil $4.3 billion US in revenue 124 aircraft (mostly B737-700 and 800 series) 64 destinations Subsidiary - WebJet

14. RA III and IV: Avianca Airlines Based in Bogata, Columbia $2.4 billion (US) in revenue major shareholder: Synergy Group), 64 aircraft (mostly Airbus 320-200 and 319-100) 69 destinations Subsidiary - TACA, Lasca

15. Based in Buenos Aires, Argentina Operating loss in most recent fiscal year (national airline) 70 aircraft mostly B737-700, purchasing 20 Embraer regional jets, financed by Brazil), Subsidiary - Austral RA III and IV: Aerolinas Argentinas

16. RA III and IV: Copa Airlines Based in Panama City, Panama $1,000 million (US) in revenue 71 aircraft (mostly B737-700 and 800 and Embraer E-190) 59 destinations Subsidiary - AeroRepublica (Columbia)

17. RA III and IV: Caribbean Airlines Based in Trinidad and Tobago $250 million (US) in revenue 22 aircraft (mostly B737-800) Purchased - Air Jamaica in 2011

18. Potential Regional AMDAR Programs: Caribbean, Central and South America David R. Helms Office of Science and Technology NOAA National Weather Service email: david.helms@noaa.gov Questions?