1. Evaluation of Simultaneous PM10, PM2. 5, and PM10-2
Evaluation of Simultaneous PM10, PM2.5, and PM Measurements Conducted in Bakersfield, CA with the Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS Particle Measurement System
Stephen Toner, Ph.D.
Senior Chemist & Development Engineer at Teledyne - API
March 10, 2011
2011 EPA National Air Quality Conference
San Diego, CA

2. Outline The Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS Overview Features
EPA FEM Candidate Trials
Designations & Site Selection
Summer 2010 in Bakersfield, CA
Winter 2010/2011 in Bakersfield, CA
Conclusions & Future Directions
Learn more at booth #29
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

3. Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Instrument Overview
Two independent sampling channels
Sequential sampling onto 47mm diameter filter discs
A single beta attenuation mass measurement sensor
Sampling and analysis occur independently
Long sampling times – 59 min / hour
Long analysis times – high precision
Complete remote communications / instrument control & internal DAS
US EPA FEM Candidate for PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5
16.7 lpm flow rate – different inlet configs
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

4. Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Mass Measurement System
Rotating plate filter holder design (3 processes)
Step 1: Filter Loading / Unloading
Step 2: Filter Sampling
Step 3: Filter Analysis
Additional reference filter positions
Mass calibration reference standards (R1, R2)
“Spy filters” for repeated blank reference
Multiple step analysis process
Air Counts
Dark Counts
Blank Counts
Natural Counts
Collect Counts
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

5. Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Key Features
Two Independent Sampling Lines Combined with Internal Automated Mass Measurement
US EPA Candidate FEM for PM10, PM2.5, PMC all in one instrument
2. Multi-step Mass Analysis Process incorporate “Spy filters” resulting in High Performance beta method
Independently measures beta attenuation due to fluctuations in:
Air Density
Humidity
Filter Blank
Naturally occurring radioactivity (Radon daughters)
Radioactive source
Detector power supply
3. Preserved 47mm Filter Samples for Subsequent Analysis
Off –line analysis of sample filters: Metals, OC/EC, Black Carbon, Sulfates, etc.
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

6. Europe: MCerts, TÜV United States EPA Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Regulatory Certifications
Europe: MCerts, TÜV
EN (PM10)
EN (PM2.5)
Completed in 2009
United States EPA
US EPA Candidate FEM (PM10, PM2.5, PMC)
Underway, two tests complete
Scheduled completion in 2011
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

7. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials
40 CFR Part 53
PM2.5 Class III FEM
PM Class III FEM
PM10 FEM
Five Tests
Four locations
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

8. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials
40 CFR Part 53
PM2.5 Class III FEM
PM Class III FEM
PM10 FEM
Five Tests
Four locations
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

9. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
The Challenges of Bakersfield
Summer
Hot, dusty, and can have several days of low PM2.5 concentrations
Semivolatiles condense onto particles at night if temperatures are cool enough
Winter
Cool days and cold nights with high humidity
Dense fog events are very common and can last several days
can be problematic with filter media
High levels of semivolatile organic species as well as ammonium nitrate
Need to be careful with indoor shelter temperature and line insulation
Bakersfield, CA is the ideal test site for Column A in the previous table
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

10. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
(3) Three Model 602 Instrument Inlets
(3) BGI PQ200 Model PM10 FRM Samplers
(3) BGI PQ200 Model PM2.5 FRM Samplers
Two Seasons
Summer (23 days)
Winter (23 days)
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

11. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

12. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

13. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Summer
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

14. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Winter
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

15. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Summer
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

16. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Winter
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

17. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Summer
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

18. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Winter
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

19. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Summer
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

20. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Winter
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

21. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
PM2.5 Results
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

22. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
PMC Results
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

23. EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA
PM10 Results
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

24. Conclusions Teledyne API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Particle Measurement System
Summer and Winter Data in Bakersfield, CA
meets the EPA FEM precision & accuracy criteria
Provides hourly measurements of PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5
Very little downtime
Samples 59 minutes of each hour
High precision PM10, PM2.5, and PM hr data
Good accuracy & precision when comparing to FRM data
Optimal performance in high humidity & rainy weather conditions
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

25. Future Directions Complete EPA FEM Candidacy Trials
One more Summer location
Two more Winter locations
Will finalize testing in 2011
Run side-by-side comparisons with other EPA designated FEM’s for PM10 & PM2.5
Will also have FRM data for comparison
Run comparisons in varying weather conditions & chemical compositions
High temp / low temp
High RH / Low RH
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

26. Acknowledgements Teledyne – API - Eric Holden - Robin Becker
Tim Morphy - Jeff Franks
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
Debbie Henson - Ken Stroud
Phil Powers
Inter-Mountain Labs (IML)
Mary Hininger - Kevin Chartier
FAI Instruments
Roberto Ferrera - Antonio Febo
Enrico Bompadre - Antonio Imperatore
Frank McElroy
Tom Merrifield
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

27. Please visit Booth #29 to learn more
Thank You
Please visit Booth #29 to learn more
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

29. Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS
Specifications
Item Hourly Mode Multi-Mode
Sampling Period 1 Hour Hours
Filter Cartridges 47 mm dia. 47 mm dia.
Spot Size cm² , 5.2, 7.07, cm²
Filter Media Quartz, Glass Quartz, Glass, PTFE
Filter Capacity 96 Cartridges
Range Up to 10 mg/m3
Detection Limit < 4 µg/m3 (1hr), 0.3 µg/m3 (24 hr)
Flow Rate LPM, adjustable 14 to 41 LPM
Flow Accuracy %
Flow Stability % (Typical)
Flow Control Servo-Controlled Valve
Mass Measurement Beta Attenuation using 14C (less than 100µCi) with Geiger Muller detector
Weight kg. (141 lbs.)
Power Consumption W
© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.