1. Revolts in Latin America
Chapter 4
Section 3

2. Focus Question Chapter 4.3
Who were the key revolutionaries that led the movements for independence in Latin America, and what were their accomplishments?

3. Video Watch the following video:

4. Latin America (year indicates date of independence from Spain

5. Latin America
By late 1700s, revolutionary fever had spread to Latin America where social system led to discontent
Spanish born peninsulares, the highest social class, dominated the government and the Church
Many creoles—Latin Americans of European descent who owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines—resented their second-class status
Mestizos, people of Native American and European descent, and mulattoes, people of African and European descent, were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power that the other groups enjoyed

6. Peninsulares

7. Creoles
Latin Americans of European descent

8. Mestizos
Children of Native American and European parents

9. Mulattoes
People of African and European descent

10. Latin American Revolutions
The Enlightenment and the French and American Revolutions inspired creoles, but they were reluctant to act
However, when Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, Latin American leaders decided to demand independence from Spain

11. Spain

12. Hispaniola
Revolution erupted in Hispaniola in 1791 when Toussaint L’Ouverture led a slave rebellion there
Fighting cost many lives, but the rebels achieved their goal of abolishing slavery and taking control of the island
Napoleon’s army tried to reconquer the island but failed
In 1804, the island declared itself independent under the name Haiti

13. Hispaniola
The island of Hispaniola is shared by two countries – Haiti and the Dominican Republic. These are among the poorest nations in the world today.

14. Toussaint L’Ouverture

15. Haiti

16. Haiti

17. Mexico
In 1810, a creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, called Mexicans to fight for independence
After some successes, he was captured and executed
Father Jose Morelos tried to carry the revolution forward but he too was captured and killed
Successful independence finally came in 1821 when Mexican revolutionaries led by Agustin de Iturbide overthrew the Spanish viceroy and declared independence
Central American colonies also declared their independence

18. Mexico

19. Video Watch the following brief video about Mexican independence:

20. South America
In the early 1800s, discontent spread across South America
Simón Bolívar led an uprising in Venezuela
Conservative forces toppled his new republic, but Bolívar did not give up
In a grueling campaign, he marched his army across the Andes, swooping down into Bogotá and seizing the city from the Spanish
Then he move south to free Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

21. Andes Mountains

22. Simón Bolívar

23. Videos – Simón Bolivar

24. South America

25. South America
There, he joined forces with another great leader, Jose de San Martin
San Martin helped Argentina and Chile win freedom from Spain
Wars of independence ended in 1824, but power struggles among South American leaders led to destructive civil wars
In Brazil, Dom Pedro, the son of the Portuguese king, became emperor and proclaimed independence for Brazil in 1822 against Portugal

26. José de San Martín

27. Powerpoint Questions
1. People of Latin American and African descent were called ______.
2. I was born in Spain but I live in South America. I am a member of the highest social class. Who am I?
3. My grandparents were born in Europe but I live in Latin America. My parents own a wealthy ranch but I resent my “second-class” status in society. I am a __________.
4. My grandfather, a European, married a Native American princess, my grandmother. I am a _______.
5. Who invaded Spain in 1808?

28. Powerpoint Questions
6. What is the name of the island that is divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic?
7. Who led a slave rebellion in Haiti?
8. Who was the creole priest in Mexico that encouraged Mexicans to fight for independence?
9. Who was the second Mexican priest that continued the Mexican fight for independence?
10. Who led an uprising against the Spanish in Venezuela?
11. What three countries were liberated after Venezuela? (3 points)

29. Powerpoint Questions
12. Who helped liberate Chile and Argentina from Spanish rule?
13. “I am the son of the Portuguese king. I helped Brazil declare and achieve independence against Portugal in 1822”. I am _________.