1. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 1 of 65 WCDMA Air Interface Training Part 4 WCDMA Physical Layer

2. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 2 of 65 WCDMA (ETSI/ARIB/3GPP) WCDMA äOverview 3GPP Standards Organization, 3GPP Document Structure WCDMA Frequency Allocations WCDMA Performance Overview äPhysical Implementation WCDMA Network Overview Downlink Implementation Uplink Implementation äPhysical Layer Procedures Slot, Frame, and Superframe Synchronization Random Access Procedures Packet Channel Access Establishment of a Dedicated Channel Soft Handover Hard Handover / Compressed Mode Operation äTDD Implementation

3. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 3 of 65 WCDMA (ETSI/ARIB/3GPP) Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 3GPP Project Coordination Group (ETSI, ARIB, T1) TSG-RAN WG 1 Layer 1 WG 2 Layers 2,3 WG 3 Iub, Iur, Iu UTRAN, O&M WG 4 BS Testing Protocol TSG-CN WG 1 MM/CC/SM WG 2 CAMEL/MAP WG 3 Interworking TSG-T WG 1 MS Testing WG 2 MS Services WG 3 USIM TSG-SS WG 1 Services WG 2 Architecture WG 3 Security WG 4 Codec WG 5 Telecom

4. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 4 of 65 WCDMA (ETSI/ARIB/3GPP) Specifications referenced in this presentation WCDMA UTRAN Network 3GPP TS 25.401-v330: UTRAN Overall Description 3GPP TS 25.832-v300: Manifestations of Handover and SRNS Relocation 3GPP TS 26.071-v301: AMR Speech Codec; General Description WCDMA Radio Transmission and Resource Management 3GPP TS 25.101-v331: UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.104-v330: BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.103-v200: RF Parameters in Support of Radio Resource Management 3GPP TS 25.133-v310: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource Management WCDMA Physical Layer Specifications (FDD and TDD) 3GPP TS 25.201-v310: Physical Layer General Description 3GPP TS 25.301-v350: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture 3GPP TS 25.302-v350: Services Provided by the Physical Layer WCDMA FDD, TDD Mode Standards: 3GPP TS 25.211-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.212-v330: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.213-v330: Spreading and modulation (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.214-v330: Physical layer procedures (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.215-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.221-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD) 3GPP TS 25.222-v331: Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD) 3GPP TS 25.223-v330: Spreading and modulation (TDD) 3GPP TS 25.224-v330: Physical layer procedures (TDD) 3GPP TS 25.225-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (TDD) This presentation is current as of TS-25 V3.3.0 (3GPP June 2000 Release)

5. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 5 of 65 WCDMA (ETSI/ARIB/3GPP) 3GPP WCDMA Overview äBoth FDD (2x 5 MHz) and TDD (1x 5 MHz)modes supported Operation specified in bands between 1850 and 2170 MHz äBS time synchronization not required for FDD mode GPS not required Fast Synchronization Codes allow asynchronous operation and handover Synchronous operation is allowed; allows faster acquisition, interference reduction äMulti-Code and Variable Spreading Factor modes supported äNetwork interface compatible with GSM - MAP / GPRS * To be made compatible with ANSI-41 per OHG requirement äPhysical Parameters: Chip rate = 3.840 Mcps RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 144, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec Frame length = 10 mSec Fast Power Control: Bi-directional; 1500 updates/sec

6. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 6 of 65 WCDMA Frequency Allocations 20252110 IMT-2000MSS IMT-2000MSS 188519802010216021702200 ITU/ WARC-95 20252110 IMT-2000MSSIMT-2000MSS 1900 1980 2010 2170 2200 DECT 1880 Europe 20252110 IMT-2000MSSTerrestrialMSS 1918.11980201021702200 PHS 18951885 Japan 20252110 MSS 19001980201021702200 FDD WLL 1880 CDMA 1865192019451960 TDD WLL CDMA FDD WLL China 20252110 MSS 21852200 A 1850191019301990 DBEFCADBEFCMSS Broadcast Auxiliary Reserved 2150 USA 20252110 FDD UPLINKTDDFDD DOWNLINK 1920 1980 2010 2170 WCDMA / EUROPE 18501910 FDD UPLINK 1930 1990 WCDMA / USA FDD DOWNLINKTDD 1900 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2

7. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 7 of 65 Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Base Station Controller (BSC) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) To other BTS’s To other BSC’s To other BTS’s UmUm UmUm UmUm A bis A A E VLRHLR EIR Gateway MSC AC H F CB To other MSC’s E F C VLR B D G GPRS Network Components D Packet Control Unit (PCU) Serving GPRS Service Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Service Node (GGSN) External Networks PSTN ISDN Internet... External Data Network IP / X.25 To other BSC’s A Base Station Subsystem (BSS) GSM/GPRS Network Architecture

8. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 8 of 65 WCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture

9. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 9 of 65 UMTS and the UTRAN GSM/GPRS Core Network (CN) IuIu IuIu RNS RNC RNS RNC Node B I ur I ub User Equipment (UE) UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) PSTN ISDN Internet UuUu 3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.0 MSC GPRS Service Node IuIu IuIu

10. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 10 of 65 UMTS and the UTRAN UTRAN Definitions äRNS (Radio Network Subsystem) A full or partial network offering access between UE and Core Network Contains one RNC äRNC (Radio Network Controller) Element of the RNS that controls physical radio resources äNode B Logical Node controlling transmission and reception from one or more cells äU u Interface Interface between UE and Node B äI u Interface Interface between CN and RNS äI ur Interface Interface between one RNS and another RNS äI ub Interface Interface between RNC and Node B 3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.0

11. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 11 of 65 3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.1 UMTS and the UTRAN UTRAN Operational Functions (partial) äFunctions related to overall system access control Admission Control, Congestion Control System information broadcasting Radio channel ciphering and deciphering äFunctions related to mobility Handover SRNS Relocation äFunctions related to radio resource management and control Initial (random) access detection and handling Radio resource configuration and operation combining/splitting control Radio bearer connection set-up and release (Radio Bearer Control) Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers Radio protocols function RF power control Radio channel coding Radio channel decoding

12. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 12 of 65 UTRAN Model UTRAN OSI Model Radio Resource Control (RRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) Transport channels - grouped by method of transport Physical layer Layer 3 Logical channels - grouped by information content - User Data - Control and signaling Layer 2 1 Physical channels Physical Channels Distinguished by: - RF Frequency - Channelization Code - Spreading Code - Modulation (I/Q) Phase (uplink) - Timeslot (TDD mode) Air Interface 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.0 Direct RRC control of the physical layer

13. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 13 of 65 Physical Layer Requirements Services provided by Physical Layer Data and RF Processing Functions FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical channels Power weighting and combining of physical channels Closed-loop power control Modulation/demodulation and spreading/de-spreading of physical channels Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of coded composite transport channels Mapping of transport channels on physical channels Macrodiversity distribution/combining Operational Functions Cell search functions Synchronization (chip, bit, slot, and frame synchronization) Soft Handover support Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers Uplink timing advance (TDD mode) 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2, 25.301¶ 5.2.2

14. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 14 of 65 WCDMA Physical Channels Base Station (BS) User Equipment (UE) P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel SCH - Sync Channel P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel S-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s) Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel Dedicated Connection Channels PICH - Page Indication Channel Paging Channels S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel Random Access and Packet Access Channels

15. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 15 of 65 WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels Common Downlink Physical Channels P-CCPCHCommon Control Physical Channel (Primary) - Broadcasts cell site information - Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL channels SCHSynchronization Channel - Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed with P-CCPCH S-CCPCHCommon Control Physical Channel (Secondary) - Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to UE’s P-CIPCHCommon Pilot Channel S-CIPCHSecondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells) PDSCHPhysical Downlink Shared Channel - Transmits high-speed data to multiple users Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels DPDCHDedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel DPCCHDedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to UE’s 3GPP TS 25.211

16. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 16 of 65 WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels Downlink Indication Channels äAICH (Acquisition Indication Channel) Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt (Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature) äPICH (Page Indication Channel) Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame äAP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature) äCD/CA-ICH Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature) Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments äCSICH Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability 3GPP TS 25.211

17. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 17 of 65 WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels Uplink Physical Channels äCommon Uplink Physical Channels PRACHPhysical Random Access Channel - Used by UE to initiate access to BS PCPCHPhysical Common Packet Channel - Used by UE to send connectionless packet data äDedicated Uplink Physical Channels DPDCHDedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel DPCCHDedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS 3GPP TS 25.211

18. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 18 of 65 WCDMA Code Types Channelization Codes (Orthogonal Codes) Used to orthogonally code different data channels from BS, UE Scrambling Codes (Spread Spectrum Codes) BS Scrambling Codes: Used by UE to distinguish the desired BS UE Scrambling Codes: Used by BS to distinguish the desired UE Synchronization Codes Primary Sync. Code: Fixed 256-bit code Helps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BS Helps UE achieve Slot Synchronization Secondary Sync. Codes:Group of 256-bit codes Helps UE achieve Frame Synchronization Pilot Codes A full-time common Pilot (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE receiver Pilot data bits are embedded into each timeslot of the Dedicated Data Channel Random Access Preamble Codes Preamble Signatures; Used by BS to distinguish between UE making access attempts Preamble Scrambling Codes; Used to identify which BS is being accessed

19. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 19 of 65 WCDMA Downlink Physical Layer

20. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 20 of 65 WCDMA Downlink (FDD)

21. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 21 of 65 Downlink Logical Channels Common Downlink Logical Channels BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) –Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE PCCH (Paging Control Channel) –Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is unknown CCCH (Common Control Channel) –Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel) –Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only) CTCH (Common Traffic Channel) –Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s. Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) –Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) –Traffic channel dedicated to one UE 3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1

22. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 22 of 65 Downlink Transport Channels Common Downlink Transport Channels BCH (Broadcast Channel) –Continuous transmission of system and cell information PCH (Paging Channel) –Carries control information to UE when location is unknown –Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel) FACH (Forward Access Channel) –Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE –No closed-loop power control DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) –Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels DCH (Dedicated Channel) –Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE 3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1

23. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 23 of 65 OVSF Codes Downlink OVSF Channelization Codes 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 C 1,0 C 2,0 C 2,1 C 4,0 C 4,1 C 4,2 C 4,3 Designation: c ch, SF, code number SF = 1SF = 2SF = 4 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.3

24. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 24 of 65 Code Layering WCDMA Code Layering 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3

25. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 25 of 65 Common Pilot Channel Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot) 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec 1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA -A AA A AA AA AA AA AA Slot 0Slot 1Slot 14 Antenna 1 Symbols Antenna 2 Symbols If transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna: 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3

26. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 26 of 65 Sync Channel / Primary Common Control Channel Downlink SCH / P-CCPCH Broadcast Data (18 bits) SSC i BCH Spreading Factor = 256 1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH data bits / slot 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec 2304 Chips 256 Chips SCHBCH 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2 PSC

27. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 27 of 65 Secondary Common Control Channel Downlink S-CCPCH Spreading Factor = 256 to 4 1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2 k data bits; k = [0..6] 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec 20 to 1256 bits0, 2, or 8 bits 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2 DataTFCI or DTXPilot 0, 8, or 16 bits

28. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 28 of 65 Page Indication Channel Paging Indication Channel (PICH) äSpread with SF=256 Channelization code äEach UE looks for a particular PICH time slot äA paging indicator set to “1” indicates that the UE should read the S- CCPCH of the corresponding frame. b1b1 b0b0 288 bits for paging indication12 bits (undefined) One radio frame (10 ms) b 287 b 288 b 299 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.9

29. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 29 of 65 Dedicated Control/Data Channel Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame Data 2TFCIData 1TPC 1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7] SF = 512/2 k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4] 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec DPDCH Pilot DPDCHDPCCH The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data. The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data. The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2

30. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 30 of 65 Downlink Data Rates Variable Data Rates on the Downlink: Examples Coded Data 1.920 Mb/sec (19,200 bits per 10 mSec frame) S/P Converter Channel Coding (OVSF codes at 3.84 Mcps) 960 kb/sec

31. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 31 of 65 Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2 Notes: 1) Zero-TFCI slot formats are used when there is only one data service on the DCH. 2) Slot formats A and B are used during compressed mode operation

32. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 32 of 65 Time-Embedded Pilot Symbols DL: Time-multiplexed with DPDCH UL: Transmitted on Q-channel along with TPC, TFCI, FBI bits Pilot Bit Patterns, Downlink DPDCH (Data Channel) 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2 Note: Shaded portions are the Frame Synchronization Words (FSW)

33. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 33 of 65 Transmit Power Control (TPC) Bits TPC Bits ä2, 4, or 8 bits per slot depending on slot format 3GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 13

34. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 34 of 65 TFCI Bits TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator) äUsed when multiple services are multiplexed onto one DPDCH Data Channel 1 Data Channel 2 Data Channel NChannel Coding Coded Composite Transport Channel (CCTrCH) TFI 1 TFI 2 TFI N MUX TFCI Word 32 bits TFI: Transport Format Indicator TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator Channel Coding 10 bits

35. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 35 of 65 Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing Conv. Coding R=1/3 304 #2 344 688 #1 344 420 34476 Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N Traffic data (122x2) Add CRC bits Add Tail bits 2nd interleaving 420 344763447634476 #1 76#2 76#3 76#4 76 804 260 244 Tail 8 CRC16 360 112 Tail 8 96 CRC 16 Rate matching 1st interleaving Add CRC bits Layer 3 Control data Add Tail bits Conv. Coding R=1/3 #2 344#1 344 Radio Frame Segmentation slot segmentation 30 ksps DPCH Rate matching 1st interleaving 244 Traffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps 3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3 28 MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI 12 600 bits (300 symbols) Data from second 244-bit packet

36. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 36 of 65 Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing Turbo Coding R=1/3 280 #2 9050 18100 #1 9050 9120 905070 Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N Traffic data (3840x2) 2nd interleaving 9120 905070905070905070 #1 70#2 70#3 70#4 70 11568 7712 3840 Termination bits CRC16 360 112 Tail 8 96 CRC 16 Rate matching 1st interleaving Layer 3 Control data Conv. Coding R=1/3 #2 9050#1 9050 Radio Frame Segmentation slot segmentation 480 ksps DPCH Rate matching 1st interleaving 3840 Traffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps 3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3 MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI 9600 bits (4800 symb.) 3840 CRC16 3840 Concatenate Add CRC bits 12 11568 12 Data from second 3840-bit packet 608 32 608 32 608 32 608 32

37. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 37 of 65 Multi-Code Transmission Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame 1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7] Data 2TFCIData 1TPCPilot 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2 Primary DPCCH/DPDCH Data 4Data 3 Additional DPCCH/DPDCH Data NData N-1 Additional DPCCH/DPDCH

38. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 38 of 65 Downlink Shared Channel Downlink PDSCH Frame Data (30 kbps to 1920 kbps) 1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 x 2^k bits, k = [0...6] SF = [256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, or 4] 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec Notes: The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH. The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE Notes: The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH. The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.5

39. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 39 of 65 CRC Algorithms ä0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers) g(CRC24) = D 24 + D 23 + D 6 + D 5 + D + 1 g(CRC16) = D 16 + D 12 + D 5 + 1 g(CRC12) = D 12 + D 11 + D 3 + D 2 + D + 1 g(CRC8) = D 8 + D 7 + D 4 + D 3 + D + 1 3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.1

40. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 40 of 65 FEC Coding Rules FEC Coding 3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3

41. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 41 of 65 WCDMA Convolutional Code Generators 3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1 DDDDDDDD Data In 2:1 MUX Data Out DDDDDDDD Data In 3:1 MUX Data Out Rate 1/2, k=9 coder: G 0 = 561 8, G 1 = 753 8 Rate 1/3, k=9 coder: G 0 = 557 8, G 1 = 663 8, G 2 = 711 8

42. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 42 of 65 WCDMA Turbo Code Generator Data In Rate = X MUXMUX Data Out 3x input bits + 12 Termination bits XkXk XkXk ZkZk Turbo Interleaver X’ k Z’ k At end of data block, both switches go “down” to provide 12-bit Trellis Termination: [ x K+1, z K+1, x K+2, z K+2, x K+3, z K+3, x' K+1, z' K+1, x' K+2, z' K+2, x' K+3, z' K+3 ] 3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.2 DDD DDD

43. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 43 of 65 Interleaving ä1st-Stage Interleaver Performed prior to service multiplexing Interleaving depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 columns ä2nd-Stage Interleaver Performed after service multiplexing Interleaving depth of 30 columns 3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5, 4.2.11

44. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 44 of 65 Interleaving Interleaving (‘K’ blocks containing (R x C) bits each) 0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, (RC - 1) 0 C (R-1)C 1 C+1 (R-1)(C+1) - - - m C+m (R-1)(C+m) C-1 2C-1 RC-1 - - - 0 C (R-1)C m C+m (R-1)(C+m) 1 C+1 (R-1)(C+1) C-1 2C-1 RC-1 C0C0 CmCm C1C1 C F-1 Before Interleaving Write Data into Matrix Row-wise After Interleaving 0, C, …, (R-1)C, m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m), …, 1, C+1, (R-1)(C+1),.., C-1, 2C-1, … RC-1 Read Data from Matrix Column-wise C0C0 C1C1 CmCm C C-1 - - - Permute Matrix Columns 3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5, 4.2.11

45. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 45 of 65 Interleaving Interleaver Columns Permutations (1st and 2nd Interleavers)

46. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 46 of 65 Rate Matching äWhen coded data rates of services are incompatible, “Rate Matching” is used to equalize the data rates. äRate Matching may be performed by: Padding with extra bits Puncturing of bits using a pseudo-random algorithm  For complete rate matching rules, see 3GPP TS25.212 ¶ 4.2.7 3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.7

47. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 47 of 65 Downlink Orthogonal Code Allocations Each data stream is assigned a unique Channelization Code - User voice / data channels - Layer 3+ Control Channel data Primary CPICH (Common Pilot) uses Channelization Code C 256,0 - One per cell - Phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH - Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code Secondary CPICH uses any Channelization code of SF=256 - Zero, one, or several per cell - Scrambled using the Primary or Secondary Scrambling Code P-CCPCH (Broadcast Channel) always uses Code C 256,1 S-CCPCH Channelization Code is broadcast over the P-CCPCH Traffic Channel Codes are transmitted over the S-CCPCH

48. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 48 of 65 Complex PN Spreading Complex PN Spreading (Downlink) I Q SC-Q SC-I    FIR Filter cos ( 2  f RF t) sin ( 2  f RF t) SC-I RF Output IsIs QsQs 3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5

49. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 49 of 65 Complex PN Spreading Complex PN Spreading (Downlink): The way it looks in the spec + p(t) RF Out Cos(  t) -Sin(  t) Scrambling Code (C scram ) SC I + jSC Q + *j*j Real () Imag () I+jQ I Q Same result as in the previous slide: 3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5, 4.2.11

50. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 50 of 65 BS Transmit Diversity TSTD (Time-Switched Transmit Diversity); SCH Only b0b0 b1b1 b2b2 b3b3 b0b0 b1b1 b2b2 b3b3 -b 2 b3b3 b0b0 -b 1 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Data bits PSC SSC i PSC SSC i PSC SSC i PSC SSC i PSC SSC i Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Slot #0Slot #1Slot #2Slot #3Slot #14 STTD (Space-Time Transmit Diversity); All Other DL Channels Note: TSTD and STTD must be supported by the UE, but are optional in BS 3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.3

51. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 51 of 65 Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity Closed-loop Transmit Diversity (DCH, PDSCH only) äUE sends Feedback Information (FBI) Bits to the BS over the DPCCH äFBI bits tell the BS how to adjust antenna gain and phase for optimal reception at the UE  DPCCH DPDCH MUX DCH (or PDSCH) W1W1 W2W2  CPICH 2 CPICH 1 Decode FBI Calculate Gains, Phases Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Weights W1, W2 are complex-valued: W i = a i + jb i gain i = square root (a i 2 + b i 2 ) phase i = tan -1 (b i /a i ) 3GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 7 S/P Demux Channelization Scrambling I/Q Modulation

52. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 52 of 65 WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer

53. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 53 of 65 Logical Channels (Layers 3+) Transport Channels (Layer 2) Physical Channels (Layer 1) Uplink RF Out UE Scrambling Code I+jQ I/Q Mod. Q I Ch c  II Filter CCCH Common Control Ch. DTCH (packet mode) Dedicated Traffic Ch. RACH Random Access Ch. PRACH Physical Random Access Ch. DPDCH #1 Dedicated Physical Data Ch. CPCH Common Packet Ch. PCPCH Physical Common Packet Ch. Data Coding DPDCH #3 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. DPDCH #5 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. DPDCH #2 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. DPDCH #4 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. DPDCH #6 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. QQ DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Ch. Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits Ch d GcGc GdGd j Ch d,1 GdGd Ch d,3 GdGd Ch d,5 GdGd Ch d,2 GdGd Ch d,4 GdGd Ch d,6 GdGd Ch c GdGd  Ch d GcGc GdGd j RACH Control Part PCPCH Control Part  j  DCCH Dedicated Control Ch. DTCH Dedicated Traffic Ch. N DCH Dedicated Ch. Data Encoding DTCH Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 DCH Dedicated Ch. Data Encoding MUXMUX CCTrCH DCH Dedicated Ch. Data Encoding WCDMA Uplink (FDD)

54. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 54 of 65 Uplink Transport Channels äCommon Uplink Transport Channels RACHRandom Access Channel - Carries access requests, control information, short data - Uses only open-loop power control - Subject to random access collisions CPCHUplink Common Packet Channel - Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH äDedicated Uplink Transport Channels DCH Dedicated Channel - Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE

55. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 55 of 65 Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) PilotFBITPC Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) 123456789101112131415 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec I Q TFCI DPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slot PILOT: Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot) TFCI: Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits) FBI: Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits) TPC: Transmit Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB 3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1

56. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 56 of 65 Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats 3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1 DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) Slot Formats DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) Slot Formats

57. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 57 of 65 FBI (Feedback Indication) Field FBI Field 3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1 S Field 0, 1, or 2 bits Used for SSDT signaling during soft handover D Field 0 or 1 bit Provides feedback information for closed-loop transmit diversity 0, 1, or 2 bits total depending on Slot Format SSDT (Site Selection Transmit Diversity) is an enhanced soft handover process The UE determines the cell with the strongest received signal, and indicates this “primary cell” selection using the S Field. Cells other than the primary cell suspend transmission, so that overall downlink interference is reduced.

58. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 58 of 65 Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing Conv. Coding R=1/3 360 402 600 Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N Traffic data (122x2) Add CRC bits Add Tail bits 2nd interleaving 600 490110 804 260 244 Tail 8 CRC16 360 112 Tail 8 96 CRC 16 1st interleaving Add CRC bits Layer 3 Control data Add Tail bits Conv. Coding R=1/3 Rate Matching slot segmentation 60 ksps DPDCH 1st interleaving 244 Traffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps 3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3 40 600 bits (600 symbols) Data from second 244-bit packet 402 Frame Segmentation 804 #1a 490#2a 490#1b 490 #2b 490 Frame Segmentation 90 490110490110490110

59. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 59 of 65 Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing Turbo Coding R=1/3 360 9525 23160 11580 9600 952575 Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N Traffic data (3840x2) 2nd interleaving 9600 952575952575952575 11568 7712 3840 Termination bits CRC16 360 112 Tail 8 96 CRC 16 Rate matching 1st interleaving Layer 3 Control data Conv. Coding R=1/3 Frame Segmentation slot segmentation 480 ksps DPDCH 1st interleaving 3840 Traffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps 3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 3840 CRC16 3840 Concatenate Add CRC bits 12 11568 12 Data from second 3840-bit packet 640 11580 9525 Frame Segmentation 90

60. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 60 of 65 Uplink Channelization Codes for HPSK Special Restrictions on OVSF Codes on the Uplink (for HPSK) If only one DPDCH is used: SF of 4 ~ 256 may be used OVSF Channelization Code is C SF,K where K = SF/4 If two through six DPDCH’s are used: SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’s DPDCH_1, DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C 4,1 DPDCH_3, DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C 4,3 DPDCH_5, DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C 4,2 If only one DPDCH is used: SF of 4 ~ 256 may be used OVSF Channelization Code is C SF,K where K = SF/4 If two through six DPDCH’s are used: SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’s DPDCH_1, DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C 4,1 DPDCH_3, DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C 4,3 DPDCH_5, DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C 4,2 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 C 1,0 C 2,0 C 2,1 C 4,0 C 4,1 C 4,2 C 4,3 DPCCH DPDCH 1, 2 DPDCH 3, 4 DPDCH 5, 6 3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.2

61. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 61 of 65 Complex and HPSK Spreading QPSK Modulation Pattern QPSK I,Q Equal Magnitude QPSK I,Q Non-Equal Magnitude After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering Note: When the I and Q branches are imbalanced, the constellation becomes “rectangular”. This worsens peak to average power ratio, as the signal looks more like BPSK modulation.

62. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 62 of 65 Complex and HPSK Spreading Complex Spreading Pattern Complex PN Spreading I,Q Equal Magnitude Complex PN Spreading I,Q Non-Equal Magnitude After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering Note: The complex spread patterns remain “circular”, or more nearly constant amplitude, even when the I and Q branches are unequal in amplitude. This is because the constellation phase is constantly rotated in 90 degree steps.

63. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 63 of 65 Complex and HPSK Spreading Complex PN Spreading vs. HPSK spreading Complex PN Spreading I,Q Equal Magnitude HPSK Spreading I,Q Non-Equal Magnitude Complex PN HPSK Note: The HPSK patterns have reduced incidence of zero-amplitude crossings as compared with the Complex PN spread patterns. This is due to the specific selection of orthogonal codes, which are selected to prohibit +/- transitions on consecutive bits e.g., [ + + + + ] [ + + - - ]

64. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 64 of 65 Uplink Scrambling Code Uplink Scrambling Code (38,400 chips of 2 25 Gold Code) Note: c 2 (quadrature component) is a 16,777,232 chip delayed version of the code, c 1 Code “n” is created using a 24-bit key [n 0... n 23 ] for the initial conditions: x n (0) = n 0 ; x n (1) = n 1, … x n (23) = n 23 ; x n (24)=1 y(0) = y(1) = … = y(23) = y(24) = 1 X Y MSB LSB Decimate 1:2 C long 1,n C long 2,n w 0 = {1 1} w 0 = {1 -1} C scr 3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.2 I Q

65. 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 65 of 65 Uplink Scrambling Code Random Access, Packet Access Cell-specific Scrambling Code(s) Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the BCH or FACH 8,192 PRACH codes 32,768 PCPCH codes Code allocation corresponds to the cell’s DL scrambling code group Dedicated Traffic Connection UE-specific Scrambling Code(s) Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the FACH 2 24 possible codes Uplink Scrambling Code Type depends on the Application Note: Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of the long scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers). See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2 Note: Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of the long scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers). See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2