1. Community Ecology
Introduction

3. Introduced Predators Transform Subarctic Islands from Grassland to Tundra
D. A. Croll,1* J. L. Maron,2 J. A. Estes,1,3 E. M. Danner,1 G. V. Byrd4

4. + Foxes
- Foxes

5. Ecological Meltdown in Predator-Free Forest Fragments
John Terborgh,1* Lawrence Lopez,2 Percy Nuñez,3 Madhu Rao,4, 5 Ghazala Shahabuddin,6 Gabriela Orihuela,7 Mailen Riveros,8 Rafael Ascanio,9 Greg H. Adler,11 Thomas D. Lambert,10 Luis Balbas12
Think about pattern and process in these systems. Show how they are amenable to experimental tests natural experiments, field experiments, lab experiments
Versus: process models—observations coded into processes.

6. Pattern Global patterns in biodiversity
KEVIN J. GASTON
Nature 405, (11 May 2000); doi: /
   
a, Species–area relationship: earthworms in areas ranging from 100 m2 to >500,000 km2 across Europe76. b, Species–latitude relationship: birds in grid cells (  611,000 km2) across the New World44. c, Relationship between local and regional richness: lacustrine fish in North America (orange circles, large lakes; blue circles, small lakes)61. d, Species–elevation relationship: bats in Manu National Park & Biosphere Reserve, Peru77. e, Species–precipitation relationship: woody plants in grid cells (20,000 km2) in southern Africa78.

7. Process Hypotheses: Competing or complimentary?
Out of the Tropics: Evolutionary Dynamics of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient
David Jablonski,1* Kaustuv Roy,2 James W. Valentine3
Process Hypotheses: Competing or complimentary?

8. Local Diversity Local processes build up to region?
Density/frequency dependence, niches
Regional processes filter to local?
Source pools, extinction speciation, neutral theory, niches

9. Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Norman Myers, Russell A. Mittermeier, Cristina G. Mittermeier, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca and Jennifer Kent
Nature 403, (24 February 2000)

10. L. M. Curran et al., Science 303, 1000 -1003 (2004)
Fig. 1. Our case study area, GPNP and its surrounding 10-km buffer (black), is located on the southwest coast of the island of Borneo, in the province of West Kalimantan (light gray)
L. M. Curran et al., Science 303, (2004)

11. Habitat loss What do we expect to happen to communities?
Fig. 2. Cumulative forest loss within the GPNP boundary (yellow) and its surrounding 10-km buffer. Forest and nonforest classifications (13) are based on a Landsat Thematic Mapper time series). Classifications are shown for (A) 1988, (B) 1994, and (C) 2002.
L. M. Curran et al., Science 303, (2004)
Habitat loss
What do we expect to happen to communities?
What is a community?
What measures are we interested in? How do they change?
How do we go about getting at cause and effect in complex systems?

12. Harvesting effects
How do we get from great whale harvests (left) to kelp decline?

13. Harvesting: Fisheries management
Fig. 1. Fraction of the sea bottom and adjacent waters contributing to the world fisheries from 1950 to 2000 (30) and projected to 2050 by depth (logarithmic scale). Note the strong reversal of trends required for 20% of the waters down to 100-m depth to be protected from fishing by 2020.
The Future for Fisheries
Daniel Pauly,1* Jackie Alder,1 Elena Bennett,2 Villy Christensen,1 Peter Tyedmers,3 Reg Watson1

14. 48,000 Years of Climate and Forest Change in a Biodiversity Hot Spot
Mark B. Bush,1*   Miles R. Silman,2*   Dunia H. Urrego
Study Site,
Important because links two highly resolved sites to Amazon

18. Representation of pollen taxa
Continuous, high resolution (5mm/yr) core
Continuous wet forest taxa for 50,000 yrs
Gradual change in community composition

19. Consuelo Ordination
Two basic states
30 kyr
11 kyr
Evidence of cycles

20. DCA Axis 1 vs. Time Two major forest types Periodic changes
ENSO, drought cycles, D-O events
Gradual ~8-10 ky transition
Non-equilibrium?