1. The “Catch All” Kingdom!
Protista Kingdom
The “Catch All” Kingdom!

2. Protista Characteristics
Eukaryotic Organisms that are not members of the Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi kingdoms
Most of them are unicellular but some are multicellular
Cell walls with cellulose in some
Some have chloroplasts
Autotrophs or heterotrophs
Amoeba, Giant Kelp, Euglena

3. Protista Comes from the Greek words meaning “the very first”
Protists were the first eukaryotic organisms on Earth
They are believed to appear 1.5 billion years ago
Hypothesized from Lynn Margulis that they evolved from a symbiosis of several cells.

4. Classification of Protists
Incredibly diverse
Different groups of protists that are an artificial way to organize a diverse group
The groups are based on the way food is obtained, not the evolutionary history

5. Animallike Protists: Protozoans
“First animals”
Heterotrophs
Four phyla are based on movement means
Zooflagellates swim with flagella
Sarcodines move by extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods
Ciliates move by cilia
Sporozoans do not move at all on their own

6. Diseases
Zooflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma cause African sleeping sickness
The tsetse fly is the method of spreading the infection from person to person
Damage to blood cells and tissue infection occurs
Fatal sleep results

7. Diseases Entamoeba is a parasite that causes amebic dysentery
in areas with poor
sanitation
It lives in the intestines, absorbs food, and causes severe bleeding in the host
Passed out in the feces and make their way to water

8. Diseases Dysentery can occur even in clear streams
Caused by the pathogen, Giardia
Causes diarrhea and digestive problems
Don’t drink water that isn’t clean
Don’t eat without
washing hands after
using the restroom

9. Diseases
Malaria

10. Paramecium

11. Amoeba

12. Plantlike Protists
Contain green pigments, chlorophyl and photosynthesize
Commonly called “algae”
4 unicellular phyla
Euglenophytes-two flagella, no cell wall
Chrysophytes-gold color chloroplasts
Diatoms-produce silicon in their cell walls (glass)
Dinoflagellates-half photosynthesize, half consumers

13. Plantlike Protists 3 multicelluar phyla
Red algae-able to live deep in water due to efficiency in harvesting light energy (phycobilins and chlorophyll a)
Brown algae-chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin)
Green algae-similar to plants pigments and cell wall
The biggest difference is their photosynthetic pigments

14. Ecology of Unicellular Algae
Plantlike protists play a major ecological role on Earth
What would happen if they disappeared?

15. Algal Blooms And The Water Turns to Blood
Protists grow rapidly when sewage is discharged
They recycle sewage and waste material
When waste is excessive, euglenophytes and other algae “bloom”
This can rob water of oxygen, choke fish and invertebrates

16. Great Blooms
Red Tides can be dangerous if shellfish is ingested by humans and contaminated
May result in illness, paralysis, and death in humans and fish

17. How can humans help prevent these tides?

18. Euglenas

19. Dinoflagellate

20. Reproduction of Green Algae
The life cycles of many algae include both a diploid and haploid generation called the alteration of generations

21. Uses of Algae Major food source for life in the oceans
Base of the food chain
Kelp provides shelter for many species
Provides half of the world’s oxygen
Vitamin C and Iron Source
Helps treat ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis
Food source (ice cream, pudding, salad dressing, syrup, candy, eggnog)
Chemicals (plastics, paints, waxes, deodorants)
Agar

22. Funguslike Protists
Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter
Centrioles
Lack chitin cell walls of true fungi

23. Ecology of Funguslike Protists
Slime molds and water molds are important recyclers of organic material, help the rotting process
Also cause diseases of plants
The Great Potato Famine—conditions?

24. Quick Assessment Animallike protists that swim use .
They are referred to as .
Sarcodines use to move and feed.
Ciliophora use to move and feed.
Euglenophytes are plantlike protists that have flagella.
Diatoms contain in their cell wall.
Red algae can live .

25. Assessment Continued
9. Thelife cycles of most algae include both a diploid and haploid generation called Funguslike protists get their nutrients from .