1. The major groups of life

2. Classification Is Tricky…

4. Parts of the Ocean

5. Figure 2.19

6. Figure 10.12 Marine zones

7. PELAGIC ZONES: “water column” (1) Oceanic – beyond shelf break (2) Neritic – area that lies over shelf Then this is divided vertically by depth: (1) Epipelagic: shallowest (w/ lots of light) (2) Mesopelagic: below (minimal light, no primary production, “twilight zone”) (3) Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, Hadopelagic: at bottom (no light, “deep sea environment”) ORGANISMS THAT LIVE IN PELAGIC ZONE ARE IN WATER COLUMN ONLY = PLANKTON and NEKTON

8. Who lives in these zones?

9. Figure 10.11

10. PLANKTON and NEKTON Plankton – “free floating” –Zooplankton –Phytoplankton –These live at the top of the pelagic environment Vs. THOSE THAT SWIM – Nekton These also live in pelagic environment

11. Figure 15.2 Plankton (sorted by Size)

12. SUMMARY: Epipelagic Organisms: “upper open sea” realm No structure thus organisms live suspended in water Photic zone thus lots of photosynthesis & primary production taking place “Plant Plankton” = phytoplankton (diatoms, dinoflagellates etc.) “Animal Plankton” = zooplankton (all inverts. And other “floating” animals) Nekton: large, swimmers, live here too

13. Figure 16.01

14. Fnft: A spatial classification of marine organisms

15. We know what the ocean zones are and who lives there…but HOW do they live there together? TROPHIC STRUCTURE: –Flow of energy or matter through an ecosystem, a “feeding” or trophic system –Primary, Secondary etc. PRODUCERS (autotrophs) AND CONSUMERS (heterotrophs) –Food web/chain/pyramid

16. Fnft: Food pyramid that leads to an adult herring

17. Figure 10.13 antarctic food chain

18. Figure 10.14 antarctic food web

19. Figure 15.24 Herring during different stages of development (growth)

20. Figure 15.25 Epipelagic Food web

21. Epipelagic food web

22. Fnft: Major biotic components of a marine ecosystem Adapted from W. D. Russell-Hunter. Aquatic Productivity. Macmillan, 1970

23. Fnft: Simplified paths of the flow of oxygen and carbon in an idealized marine ecosystem

24. Fnft: Biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen or phosphorus

25. Fnft: Energy flow in a marine ecosystem

26. First we look at the UNICELLULAR… Small! But critical portion of food web (everything else eats them!) KINGDOM: Protista (ex.) Unicellular algae = diatom, dinoflagellate Typically planktonic

27. Dinoflagellate A unicellular planktonic algae

28. –(Macro)Algae – Multicellular –Still Protista

29. Algae: Sea weed

30. Algae: knotted rockweed

31. –The invertebrates –Animalia

32. Summary of Invertebrates Phylum: Porifera (Sponges) No Symmetry No order, aggregate/collection of cells Phylum: Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Sea fan etc.) Radial Symmetry (polyp, medussa) “stinging cells” Originally called “coelenterates” WORMS: Phylum: Nematode (roundworm) Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworm) Phylum: Annelida (segmented worm) Bilateral Symmetry Oligochaete Leech

33. Phylum: Mollusca (snail, clam, octopus) bilateral symmetry soft body in a shell Phylum: Arthropoda (crab, amphipod) bilateral symmetry segmented, jointed-body Phylum: Echinodermata (sea star, urchin) 5 way, radial, symmetry no head, endoskeleton, water vas. Sys.

34. sponge

35. ctenophore: Comb jelly

36. Porifera: Fire Sponge

37. Platyhelminthes, ruffled flatworm

38. Annelid: Christmas Tree worm

39. Mollusc: Mussel beds

40. Mollusc: Flamingo shell

41. Spawning giant clam

42. Mollusc: giant clam

43. Mollusc: Chambered Nautilus

44. Mollusc: Octopus

45. Blue Ringed Octopus

46. Zoea crab Larvae

47. Arthropod: Arrow Crab

48. Echinoderm: Blue Sea Star

49. Echinoderm: Sea Urchins

50. –The chordates

51. Shark embryo Chordate:

52. Longlure Frogfish

53. Chordate(s): Juv. Half Moon fish Feed on Ocean Sunfish

54. Whale Shark

55. They can be very big!

56. Yellow Jawfish w/ eggs in mouth

57. Chordate: Sea Horse

58. Chordate: Lionfish

59. Chordate: Black Spotted Puffer

60. Chordate: Hawksbill Turtle

61. Albatross

62. Chordate: Sea Lion

63. Humpback Whale