1. Psychology of Learning EXP4404 Chapter 6: Schedules of Reinforcement Dr. Steve

2. Topics Covered  Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement FR, VR, FI, VI  Other Simple Schedules  Resistance to Extinction Partial Reinforcement Effect Theories of PRE  Complex Schedules  Matching Law  Applications of Research

3. Schedules of Reinforcement  Schedule of Reinforcement  Continuous vs. Intermittent Schedules Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules

4. Intermittent Schedules  Fixed Ratio (FR)  Post-Reinforcement Pause (aka, Preratio Pause)

5.  Variable Ratio (VR) Intermittent Schedules

6.  Fixed Interval (FI) Intermittent Schedules

7.  Variable Interval (VI) Intermittent Schedules

9. Other Simple Schedules  Fixed Duration (FD)  Variable Duration (VD)

10.  Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate (DRL)  Differential Reinforcement of High Rate (DRH) Other Simple Schedules

11.  Noncontingent Reinforcement (NR) – Fixed Time (FT) Variable Time (VT) Other Simple Schedules

12. Resistance to Extinction  Stretching the Ratio

13.  Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) Resistance to Extinction

14. Partial Reinforcement Effect

15.  Theories to Explain PRE Discrimination Hypothesis Frustration Hypothesis Resistance to Extinction

16.  Theories to Explain PRE Sequential Hypothesis Response Unit Hypothesis Resistance to Extinction

17. Response Unit Hypothesis *Response (unit) defined as the number of lever presses required for reinforcement

18. Complex Schedules  Multiple Schedule

19.  Mixed Schedule  Chain Schedule  Tandem Schedule Complex Schedules

20.  Comparison of Complex Schedules (so far) Complex Schedules Reinforcement only after All Phases Complete Reinforcement throughout learning on schedule Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) for each phase No Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) for each phase

21.  Cooperative Schedules Social Loafing?  Concurrent Schedules Complex Schedules

22. Matching Law  Given the choice of 2 schedules, what happens? Matching Law (Herrnstein, 1961)  B 1 /B 2 = r 1 /r 2

23. Applications of Schedules of Reinforcement  Training Problem of errorless training  Parenting