1. LOBBYING REGULATION: IMPLEMENTATION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Yukihiko Hamada Public Sector Integrity Division OECD

2. Trust in government is low Source: Gallup World Poll

3. Regulation of lobbying is accelerating

4. Implementation What measures are considered effective? Incentives for compliance There are generally no effective rewards for agreeing to comply with lobbyist codes of conduct Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

5. Implementation What measures are considered effective? Sanctions Are there compelling sanctions for breaching the lobbyist code of conduct? Source: OECD 2009 and 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

6. Revolving doors Are there restrictions on public officials engaging in lobbying activities after they leave the government? Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

7. Generally no restrictions are in place (e.g. a "cooling- off" period) to restrict legislators from engaging in lobbying activities after they leave Parliament Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for legislators

8. Pre-public employment: OECD countries’ restrictions on lobbyists hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

9. Pre-public employment: There are generally no restrictions in place on lobbyists being hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for lobbyists

10. Lobbying: Advisory group membership

11. Availability of information regarding advisory and expert groups Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

12. Types of information that stakeholders believed should be made publicly available

13. Actors and types of communication that stakeholders believe should be covered by lobbying rules and guidelines

14. For the majority of lobbyists, it takes 30 minutes or less to register

15. For more information on OECD experience on transparency and integrity in lobbying www.oecd.org/gov/ethics Thank you for your attention