1. Bythotrephes cederstroemi (BC) & Cercopagis pengoi (CP) Neil J. Elms – 4/13/11 BIO 108R - Dr. Skinner

2. Taxonomy Kingdom – Animal Phylum – Arthropoda Subphylum – Crustacea Class – Branchiopoda Subclass – Phyllopoda Order – Diplostraca Infraorder – Onychopoda Family - Cerpagididae 1 – 5 cm long Eye Spot Egg Pouch Tail = 70% of Total Length 1- 4 Tail Barbs Mandibles Mistaken for Daphnia

3. Eurasia – Black, Caspian, Aral, Azov, & Baltic Seas Great Lakes 1980’s - 90’s; Finger Lakes 2000 Ballast Tank Stowaways United States Commercial and Sport Fishing Gear Nets, Downriggers, Live Wells

4. Spiny Fishhook

5. Days to a Week Long Life Span Both, Sexually and Asexually Up to 13 Clones Every 10 Days (May thru September) Brood Pouch Developing Embryos Female Clones (May thru August) Dies After Cloning Resting / Dormant Eggs Male and/or Female (1-2 Eggs)

6. Eat and Compete with Native Zooplankton (Daphnia) Rapid Reproduction / Cloning Leads to Eutrophication Comfortable in Clear and Brackish / Fresh and Salt Success at Various Water Columns Adaptive No Tail Molts to Ensure Continuous Protection Temperature Regulates Population Dormant Eggs Carried Thru Poor Conditions Size Avoided by Fry Choke and Suffocate Fry with Tail Barbs Depletes Food Resources for Larger Fish, Birds and Humans No Known Method of Control or Eradication Practice “Good Fishing Hygiene”

7. www.caspianenvironment.org/biodb/eng/zooplankton/Cercopagis%20pengoi/main.htm www.westsidenews.net/OldSite/westside/news/2001/0122/features/lakestudy.html www.great-lakes.net/envt/flora-fauna/invasive/spinyflea.html www.dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/insect/waterflea.htm www.glerl.noaa.gov/seagrant/cercopagis/cercopagisID.htm www.epa.gov/grtlakes/monitoring/exotics/cercopagis.html www.gfawesome.org/mad_science/activities.html www.seagrant.umn.edu/education/index.html www.epa.gov/region5/enved/resources.html www.seagrant.umn.edu/exotics/spiny.html www.dnr.wi.gov/invasives/fact/spiny.htm www.iiseagrant.org/EXOTICSP/

8. Bythotrephes cederstroemi (BC) & Cercopagis pengoi (CP) Neil J. Elms – 4/13/11 BIO 108R - Dr. Skinner