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Published byKarin Tucker Modified over 9 years ago
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Acids and bases
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What is an ACID? An acid is a substance (compound) that contains an H+ ion attached to it. This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely accurate but not entirely false either! Examples HCl – Hydrochloric acid HNO 3 – Nitric acid HBr – Bromic acid CH 3 COOH – Acetic acid Notice all the Hydrogens!
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Properties of acids Acids react with metal Have sour taste (lemon juice, vinegar) Acids neutralize bases Metal and acid reaction
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Examples of acids HCl – Hydrochloric acid – Found in stomach HNO 3 - Nitric acid Used in making explosives H 2 SO 4 – Sulfuric acid HF – Hydrofluoric acid CH 3 COOH – Acetic acid (vinegar) Weak acid HCl – Hydrochloric acid – Found in stomach HNO 3 - Nitric acid Used in making explosives H 2 SO 4 – Sulfuric acid HF – Hydrofluoric acid CH 3 COOH – Acetic acid (vinegar) Weak acid
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What is an BASE? A base is a substance (compound) that contains an OH- ion attached to it. This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely accurate but not entirely false either! Examples NaOH – Sodium hydroxide KOH – Potassium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 – Calcium hydroxide NH 3 - Ammonia Notice all the Hydroxides!!
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Properties of bases Slippery to touch (like soap!) Have bitter taste (like soap! Neutralizes acids
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Examples of bases NaOH – Sodium hydroxide - lye Found in Pipe cleaners (Draino) KOH – Potassium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide NH 3 Ammonia - Weak acid NaOH – Sodium hydroxide - lye Found in Pipe cleaners (Draino) KOH – Potassium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide NH 3 Ammonia - Weak acid
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Reaction between base and acid (Neutralization) When acid and base react with each other, they will neutralize each other. What does that mean? – The double displacement reaction creates water and a salt – A salt is when a positive ion and negative ion joins together without a H+ Need to know basis
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Examples of neutralization reactions NaOH + HCl NaCl + HOH (H 2 O) HCl + KOH KCl + HOH (H 2 O) Double Displacement!
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Measuring acidity of a substance A pH scale was developed to rate the amount of hydrogen in a solution pH stands for Power of Hydrogen, where each step up is 10x more powerful than the previous. pH scale ranges from 0 – 14 where 7 is neutral (where water is found
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The bigger the number on the pH scale, the more basic it is. The smaller the number on the pH scale, the more acidic it is.
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Testing the pH Indicators are used to test the pH of a solution Examples: – Litmus paper – Phenolphthalein – Universal indicator
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Litmus paper Litmus Paper: – Comes in blue and red – Blue means basic – Red means acidic Phenolphthalein: – P A C – P henolphthalein is A cid when C olourless – Otherwise it is pink from pH > 8
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Fin
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