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3. 2 COLLISION AVOIDANCE A Different Perspective

4. 3 4 No Boring Statistics ! 4 No Boring Discussion on the Limitations of the Human Eye ! 4 No “How to Scan for Traffic” Sermon What Different Perspective?

5. 4 The Goals 4 Define the Problem 4 Offer Solutions

6. 5 BUT FIRST...... a little review !

7. 6 The Holy Grail FAR 91. 113... Vigilance shall be maintained by each person operating an aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircraft.

8. 7 4 As the National Airspace System becomes increasingly complex, the threat of mid-air collisions involving general aviation recreational aircraft will increase ! 4 Mid-air collisions usually involve fatalities - there are no fender-benders in the air ! THE CHALLENGE

9. 8 1991 - 1996 79 Mid-air collisions involving general aviation aircraft ! Interesting Statistics !

10. 9 DOES NOT INCLUDE - 4 FAR Part 121 / 135 Aircraft 4 Military Aircraft 4 Public Use Aircraft

11. 10 SAFER SKIES A Focused Agenda 4 Pilot Judgment & Decision-making 4 Loss of Aircraft Control 4 Weather Factors 4 Survivability 4 Collision Avoidance

12. 11 INTERESTING HUMAN LIMITATIONS 4 Empty-Field Myopia 4 Blind Spots 4 Fixation / Distractions

13. 12 Facts...

14. 13 What does all of this mean ? 4 Because of physical limitations and the increasingly complex nature of our airspace system, the potential for a mid-air collision is very real and will remain a serious threat to general aviation safety !

15. 14 The Strategy - The Three W’s WHEN ? WHERE ? WHAT ?

16. 15 THE STRATEGY ! 4 WHEN are mid-air collisions most likely to occur ? 4 WHEREis the potential for a mid- air collision the greatest ? 4 WHATcan the pilot do to prevent or minimize this threat ?

17. 16 WHEN ? 4V4VFR WEATHER 4B4BELOW 3,000 FEET AGL 4W4WITHIN 10 MILES OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT 4W4WEEKENDS

18. 17 WHERE ? 4 WITHIN 10 MILES OF NON-TOWER AIRPORTS 4 TRANSITION TO/FROM THE TRAFFIC PATTERN 4 PRIMARILY IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN !

19. 18 Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Traffic Pattern, but... 4 FAR 91. 113 4 FAR 91. 126 4 FAR 91. 127 4 AIM

20. 19 FAR 91. 126 When approaching to land at an airport without an operating control tower... each pilot of an airplane must make all turns of that airplane to the left [ unless otherwise designated ].

21. 20 FAR 91. 127 When operating in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace, comply with FAR 91.126

22. 21 Furthermore... Aeronautical Information Manual Chapter 4 Section 3 Airport Operations FAA Advisory Circular 91-66A Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and Practices For Operations At Airports Without Operating Control Towers

23. 22 CONFUSING ? You Bet !

24. 23 SURVIVAL STRATEGIES The “WHAT” Know where the traffic is ! Airports Victor Airways MTRs

25. 24 SURVIVAL STRATEGIES The Sequel ! Know where the potential for conflict is the greatest ! Traffic Pattern (Specifically Final Approach)

26. 25 The TRAFFIC Pattern ! 4 Downwind Leg-2% 4 Base Leg-18% 4 Final Approach-80%

27. 26 (F)USTALL 4 Look out - and LOOK OUT! 4 Where & When to ESPECIALLY look? 4 Constantly checking for traffic should be a habit - a way of life. Without it you may not have a life…!

28. 27 Entry Downwind Base Final Critical ‘Check For Traffic’ Points

29. 28 SURVIVAL STRATEGIES Part Three RADIOS - use them or lose them ! Report positions frequently, and accurately, when operating in the vicinity of a non-tower airport.

30. 29 SURVIVAL STRATEGIES The Conclusion “See and Avoid” is more than a regulation, It is an Attitude !

31. 30 It’s all up to you! 4 Be aware - responsibility for mid-air collision avoidance is in YOUR hands! 4 ‘ SEE AND BE SEEN’! 4 Check your attitude - no-one is invulnerable. Lou Frank 4 Thanks for listening - any questions…?

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