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Hard Drive (HDD): Device located in a computer tower/case that stores and retrieves program files and data files; also known as the C:drive. Computer Tower History of the HDD - Developed by IBM in order to create random access files; with high capacity and random access to data. - In 1956 it was commercialized; the IBM 305 RAMAC
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- Platter holds magnetic medium - Magnetic recording material is layered onto aluminum or glass disc, the platter is then polished to a mirror-like surface - Magnetic head on the actuator arm glides over the disk to read/write - Controller electronics attached to the side control the read/write mechanism and the motor that provides the spin
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- Using the OS (Linux, Windows, Mac), the microprocessor (CPU) requests a file at the activation of a program - Motherboard has everything connected and contains basic software; helps transfer command. - That command is sent to the HDD, which finds the data, and simultaneously sends it to allow reading and writing of data.
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Information on the hard disk is in small magnetic domains; possible due to precision of platter and speed of medium Data that is stored on the HDD is stored in files (strings of bytes), when a program running requests a file, the arm of the HDD retrieves those exact bytes and sends them to the CPU at the same time. Electronics also assemble the magnetic domains into bytes for reading, and turn them back to domains for writing.
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Capacity: # of bytes a HDD contains, started with 5MB, can now be up to 4TB as of 2012. - 1TB = 1000GB, 1GB = 1000MB, 1MB = 1000KB, etc Data Rate: # of bytes/second to deliver to CPU, typically 5-40 MB/s. Seek Time: Time between CPU’s request & send time, often 10-20 milliseconds. Size of HDD is commonly 3.5 inches in desktops, and 2.5 inches in laptops.
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New Features - Actuator head could land on a special area, External HDD using USB connection, Changes - Byte Capacity, weight, aesthetics, faster data rate and seek time, Goals - Surpass 5TB barrier (density), heat assisted magnetic recording ( HAMR ); enables different use of materials as the magnetic storage media, faster data rate and seek time, shrink in disk size, Areal density (AD) ; more bytes per inch without HDD destruction, idle usage (conservation).
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Price as of 2013 - $1.3 per GB Leading Manufacturers/Products - Seagate, Toshiba, Western Digital - Churning Sound: As the arm of the HDD moves back and forth rapidly, it sets vibrations that our ears hear as sounds. - Similar to how a speaker works, which moves a lightweight cone back and forth hundreds of times per second to generate sound.
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