1. Earthquake Destruction and Dangers http://embc.gov.bc.ca/em/hazard_preparedness/earthquake_photos.html

2. Major causes of earthquake damage Landslides and liquefaction Aftershocks Tsunamis

3. Landslides Movement of material down a slope, especially… – on steep slopes – when saturated land is shaken violently

5. Liquefaction Loosely packed soil turns into mud. Most likely to occur in soil saturated with water. Liquefaction animation

6. Aftershocks Smaller earthquakes that occur after a larger earthquake in the same area They can occur hours, days, or months later Buildings already weakened by the original earthquake can topple during aftershocks

8. Tsunami A wave set off by an underwater earthquake Earthquake jolts the ocean floor; pushes water out of the way Displaced water forms large waves (tsunamis) – In the open ocean, height of wave is not significant – As the wave gets closer to land, water gets more shallow, pushes up into a tall wall ≈100 ft YouTube: CBS News Asian Tsunami YouTube: Tsunami Animation

13. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/pictures/110315-nuclear-reactor-japan-tsunami-earthquake-world-photos-meltdown/#/japan- earthquake-tsunami-nuclear-unforgettable-pictures-wave_33291_600x450.jpg

14. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1366395/Japan-tsunami-earthquake-Rescuers-pick-way-apocalypse-wasteland.html

16. How do we prepare? Base-isolated buildings – Buildings rest on shock absorbing springs that allow the building to move without violently shaking

18. Protecting Structures

19. How do we prepare? Base-isolated buildings – Buildings rest on shock absorbing springs that allow the building to move without violently shaking Warning systems – Monitoring faults and waves

20. Instruments for monitoring faults Creep meter – measures HORIZONTAL movement along a fault line through movement of a wire across the fault Tiltmeter – measures VERTICAL movement, works like a carpenter’s level Satellites – Measure VERTICAL changes in the distance between the satellite and ground Faults & Earthquakes

21. Fault monitoring instruments Creep meterTiltmeter

22. Instruments for monitoring tsunamis Tsunami detection buoys – 39 stations collect seafloor height, temperature, pressure Warning centers – If a tsunami is generated, they issue advisories, watches and warnings

23. Summary! Write your summary sentences