1. Mangroves By Jeff Lo, Allen Cho, Steen Swedstedt

2. Map Location of commonly found Mangroves include: Warm waters of the Tropical Oceans all around the world Down the Atlantic Coast Western & Eastern Costs of Africa Indonesian Region, New Zealand, and Australia

3. Features Comprised of trees that can grow in salt water Considered the Tropical equivalent of Salt Marshes Usually located near Estuaries and Marine Shorelines Mangrove roots help slow water flow & enhance sediment deposit

4. Climate Generally High Annual Temperatures Heavy Rainfall Monsoons & Storms Strong waves, low temperatures and high winds can greatly damage Mangrove populations in Indonesia

5. Seasonal Info Indonesia has two seasons Wet Dry Best time for Dry season: April to October Mid June to Mid-July

6. Unique Features High Salinity woodland or shrubland environment Provides coastal swamp protection from erosion, especially during storm surges, hurricanes, and tsunamis Mangrove roots slow water flow, helping enhance sediment deposition. Offer shelter for marine life.

7. Characteristic Plant & Animal Adaption Plants: Black Mangrove, Red Mangrove, White Mangrove, Saltbush. Animals: Fiddler Crab, Great Erget, Water Buffalo, Saltwater Crocodile, Mangrove Monitor

8. Example of Plant Adaption Mangrove trees have: Glands in their leaves that let salt pass from the inside to the outside of the tree Roots that take CO2 from the air instead of the soil & contain a waxy substance that keeps salt out Leaves that can close themselves up to lock in freshwater

9. Migratory Shorebirds: developed special bill shapes to help probe the bottom of muddy depths Tree Climbing Crabs during high tide climb up onto the tall roots of different Mangrove trees to help avoid being eaten. Example of Animal Adaption

10. Mudskippers developed fins, breathes through its skin on land, and huge eyes to see better Has helped them thrive in a Mangrove environment.

11. Tourism Activity Suggestions Ecotourism: you can go to different parts of the world, in need of help restoring parts of Mangroves Especially in Asian countries, many local Mangroves have been chopped down to sell Go to countries like Indonesia, as an Ecotourist: help replant Mangroves & see the country at the same time

12. Environmental Issues Changes in tidal flushing patterns damage Mangroves. Attacking and weakening the roots. Changes in the Salinity of the Mangrove environment can be damaging, if the roots and leaves cannot cope. Large freshwater discharges can also disrupt the balance in a Mangrove. Cutting down Mangroves for wood in some countries has become a problem, since Mangroves are disappearing

13. Bibliography "Mangrove." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. "IWC Habitat Awareness Kelp Forest Animals." IWC Habitat Awareness Kelp Forest Animals. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. "Coastal Challenges. Com." Web log post. Coastal Challenges Com. WordPress, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.