1. Where do dogs get their glucose? Where do plants get their glucose?
Using Energy
All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy.
Where do dogs get their glucose?
THEIR FOOD
Where do plants get their glucose?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Okay, so you’ve eaten a good meal & there’s plenty of glucose in your body. Is this energy ready to be used? NO
Your body needs to convert glucose into a form of energy that it can use.
Glucose
ATP
Remember! ATP is the form of energy that your body can use, so glucose needs to be converted into ATP!

3. Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

4. Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Cellular Respiration
The process of converting stored energy (glucose) into energy the cell can use (ATP)
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

5. GLUCOSE
( C6H12O6 )

6. GLUC
( C6H
OSE
12O6 )

7. GLUC
( C6H
OSE
12O6 )

8. ENERGY
OSE
12O6 )
GLUC
( C6H

9. (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ENERGY
ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)

10. CR begins with Glycolysis.
Cellular Respiration
CR begins with Glycolysis.
If oxygen is available, the next step is the Krebs Cycle & ETC.
If no oxygen is available, the next step is fermentation.
If Oxygen is Available
Glycolysis
If No Oxygen is Available
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
Electron Transport Chain

12. Glycolysis
1. The process by which glucose molecules are split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules while in the cytoplasm; 2 ATP are produced
2 pyruvic acid molecules

13. Glycolysis
The pyruvic acid may enter the mitochondria & complete aerobic respiration… OR
It can remain in the cytoplasm & undergo anaerobic respiration.

14. Aerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration If Oxygen is Available
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle

15. Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen Available)
2. The pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria & enters the Krebs Cycle.
3. During the Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP are produced as well as 2 electron carrying molecules (NADH & FADH2).
NADH & FADH2 carry excited electrons.

16. CO2 is also produced as a byproduct of the Krebs Cycle!
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

17. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Cellular Respiration
If Oxygen is Available
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

18. 4. Electron Transport Chain: energized electrons are moved through the electron transport chain, generating 32 ATP.
The ETC takes place in the membranes of the mitochondria. The electrons are carried through the ETC by proteins, which generates ATP.

19. The flow of H+ ions drives ATP Synthase, which produces ATP.
The energy from the electrons causes hydrogen ions (H+) to flow through the mitochondrial membrane.
The flow of H+ ions drives ATP Synthase, which produces ATP.

20. Aerobic Respiration
5. Lastly, O2 accepts the used electrons & forms H2O & some energy is lost as heat.

21. KREBS CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

22. Where does glycolysis take place?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm!

23. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria!

24. Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria!

25. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Step 1 – Glycolysis, 2 ATP produced
Step 2 – Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP produced
Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain, 32 ATP produced
36 ATP produced TOTAL!

26. Anaerobic Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
If No Oxygen is Available
Fermentation

28. Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs if NO oxygen is available!
2 types of fermentation could occur:
Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into lactic acid
Alcoholic Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into ethyl alcohol

29. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in muscle cells
Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles, which causes pain & soreness.
Also used by bacteria, which are used in food production (yogurt, sourdough bread, pickles, etc.)

30. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast & other microorganisms perform this.
Carbon dioxide is a byproduct.
Used to help us make bread (CO2 makes the bread rise) & wine.

32. Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm!

33. Which pathway produces more ATP?
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic! Aerobic produces 36 ATP, while anaerobic only produces 2 ATP.