1. FOR174 _INES B ELECTRICITY STORAGE FOR RENEWABLES NINTH MEETING OF THE COUNCIL – THEMATIC EVENTS 1 FRANCK AL SHAKARCHI ATOMIC ENERGY AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES COMMISSION

2. | PAGE 2 ISLAND CASE: MARTINIQUE FUEL BASED ELECTRICITY MIX Production 2012: 471 MW installed capacity 60 MWp PV 1591 GWh produced electricity Consumption 2012: 254 MW peak load ~1422 GWh High power generation costs in La Martinique: From 160 to 280 €/MWh Depending on oil prices Requiring subsidies Little local jobs ~700 gCO2/kWh

3. ISLAND CASE: MARTINIQUE BENEFITS AND LIMITS OF VARIABLE RE INTEGRATION Source: EDF SEI Benefits from increasing share of PV generation Stable prices Local jobs Little global CO2 emissions (no local emissions) and little local pollution Limits to a higher integration of PV: 30% limit French law (23 april 2008): TSO can disconnect variable RE generation in case of instantaneous power exceeding 30% of total load Currently around 24% (some French islands > 35%)

4. WHAT ARE THE ISSUES RELATED TO THE INTEGRATION OF VARIABLE RENEWABLES ? Grid needs Planning and scheduling Power balancing and regulation Power production 24h a day Variable RE Cannot be guaranteed and fluctuates Is limited by instantaneous ressource availability Depends on daytime and wheather conditions Requirements for integration of RE Production forecasting Capacity firming and production smoothing Energy time-shifting Additional supply capacity for regulation Little issues for integration up to around 30-40% of instantaneous RE power in a grid  Total grid including interconnections Voltage regulation Is currently required to produce max and min reactive Controls of active/reactive power according to voltage

5. ISLANDS AND REMOTE AREAS SOME EXAMPLES OF RE-STORAGE PROJECTS | PAGE 5 % of intermittent RE in total grid 160% 40-80% 100W 100MW Unitary size of system 0% Power/peak Energy 80% 20-40% 40% 10-20% 120% 30-60% El Hierro 100% RES 11MW Wind - 6MW pumped-hydro storage French overseas MILLENER 1000 domestic PV- storage systems 100kW 10kW MW 10MW French overseas PV-storage RFP Trapezoidal control, forecast and ancillary services Puerto Rico PV-storage-diesel Ramp rate control Ancillary services French overseas Wind-storage FIT ½h constant power, forecast and ancillary services Kiribati 2000 off-grid solar homes and community buildings kW Australia Weipa mine 6,7 MW solar and batteries 27 MW remote grid Australia King island Smart renewable grid Wind, batteries, flywheel, resistor frequency control Remote areas Islands

6. HOW TO ASSESS THE NEED FOR STORAGE OF VARIABLE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY ? Grid needsVariable RE Requirements for integration of RE What amount of variable renewable electricity ? Instantaneous RE power > 30% instantaneous load ?  Total RE energy > 10% total consumption ? How stable is my grid ? Little other flexibility option ? No interconnection with a large stable grid ? Island or remote area ? What are the total integrated costs of other options ? flexibility and power generation

7. KEEP IN MIND ALL THE SERVICES CAN STORAGE PROVIDE !!! NOT ONLY FOR VARIABLE RE | PAGE 7 (based on (EPRI & DOE, DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA, 2013))

8. STORAGE ADDED-VALUE INCREASES BY COMBINING SERVICES | PAGE 8

9. AND STORAGE CAN FITS INTO MULTIPLE PLACES OF THE GRID !!! | PAGE 9 EV charging station Distribution grid With some CEA demonstrators Community storage Residential CEA R&D grid operation Commercial building Generator Transmission grid

10. A STORAGE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF MORE THAN A STORAGE DEVICE: TECHNOLOGY ISSUES | PAGE 10 Storage performances and ageing Storage Management System Selection of storage technology And optimal sizing Electrical architecture Smart Energy Management Systems with optimal control algorithms – application specific EMS

11. CEA: ATOMIC ENERGY & ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES COMMISSION CONTACT DETAILS | PAGE 11 16 000 employees in 10 research centers 4 B€ annual budget 580 priority patents filed / year 120 new high tech companies created Defence Applications Division Defence Applications Division Nuclear Energy Division Nuclear Energy Division Research & Technology Division Research & Technology Division Material Science Division Life Science Division Life Science Division Smart Electrical Systems Laboratory Scope: Electricity Storage Systems Electric vehicles Integration of solar generation Demand-side management Smart grids & micro-grids Services: Modelling and simulations Smart management and SCADA Demonstrators and experimental grids 4 500 employees 550 M€ budget 500 priority patents / year 50 spin-off companies NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 1 400 employees 1 052 patent portfolio 170 M€ budget 2013 Nanomaterials Thermal, Biomass & H2 Electric vehicles Solar energy Contact details Franck AL SHAKARCHI Franck.alshakarchi@cea.fr +33 4 79 79 21 43