2. Immune Response

3. Nonspecific Immune Response Inflammation –Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth –Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open WBCs squeeze out of the bloodstream –WBCs attack the pathogen

4. Blood stream phagocyte bacteria phagocyte

6. Nonspecific Immune Response Fever –Chemicals cause the hypothalamus to increase body temp –Stimulates interferon production Prevents virus reproduction –Increases rate of WBC maturity

7. Specific Immune Response Body must be able to identify its own cells Antigens: proteins markers on the surface of pathogens (uniforms) Immunity: body produces memory cells to “remember” specific antigens

9. pathogen phagocyte Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis

10. Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane Antigen presenting phagocyte

11. Antigen Presenting phagocyte T cell binds to the antigen presenting cell. Protein activates T cell T cell

12. T cell begins to divide into two types of cells: –Memory T Cells –Activated T Cells T cell Memory T Cells: used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated T Cells: fight current pathogen

13. Activated T cells bind to infected body cells that show the proper antigens T cell Memory T Cells Activated T Cells Infected body cell showing antigens

14. Infected body cell bursts T cell Memory T Cells Activated T Cells Infected body cell showing antigens

17. Inactivated B cell pathogen Pathogen binds to the antibodies of a B-cell

18. pathogen Inactivated B cell B-cell engulfs the pathogen

19. Inactivated B cell Pathogen antigens displayed on cell membrane

20. Inactivated B cell T-cell attaches to the antigens of the B-cell T cell

21. Inactivated B cell B-cell becomes activated T cell Activated B cell

22. B-cell divides into two types of cells: –Memory B-cells –Activated B-cells Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell

23. Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

24. Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

25. Antibodies bind to pathogens Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

26. Phagocytes eat the pathogen clump Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody PHAGOCYTE

28. Khan Academy: Humoral Immunity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z36dUduOk1Y

29. Vaccination Prevention (not a cure) Vaccination process –Weakened pathogen introduced –Immune system produces… Antibodies to fight the weakened pathogen Memory cells for future infections Goal: Speed up immune response if you encounter the actual virus