1. Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps UNEP Workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Management UNCC, Bangkok, 20 th – 21 st April 2015 Dr Daniel Colbourne d.colbourne@re-phridge.co.uk Prof. Roberto Peixoto robertopeixoto@maua.br

2. Introduction Types of air conditionersSectors and alternativesUse in existing systemsHigh ambient issuesHurdles

3. Introduction AC, chillers and heat pumps Chillers Positive displace Centrifugal Heating only heat pumps Air-to-air ACs and HPs Split type Ducted split Residential Commercial Non-ducted single split Multisplit VRF Residential Factory sealed Packaged rooftop Small self- contained Portable Window/ PTAC/ TTW

4. Options for new equipment low GWP (<300) medium GWP (300 – 1000) high GWP (>1000)

5. Small factory sealed AC 1kW  10  100  1000 2½– 5kW ½–1 kg

6. 1kW  10  100  1000 Non-ducted single split AC 3 – 7 kW 1 – 1½ kg

7. Ducted split AC 1kW  10  100  1000 20 – 200 kW 5 – 50 kg

8. Packaged “rooftop” ducted AC 1kW  10  100  1000 20–100 kW 5 – 30 kg

9. Multi-split systems 1kW  10  100  1000 10 – 150 kW 4 – 60 kg

10. Chillers 1kW  10  100  1000 10 – 1000 kW; 1-5 MW 4 – 300 kg; 0.5-2.5 Mt Alternative technology: absorption Cogeneration/trigeneration

11. Heating only heat pumps 8 – 200 kW 2 – 50 kg 1kW  10  100  1000

12. Options for existing equipment

13. 2222 High ambient considerations 1234yf1234yf 744744 290290 161161 152a152a 12701270 3232 446A446A 447A447A 444B444B 410A410A

14. Main hurdles Standards organisations to ease efforts to revise Disparate national regulations and codes National actions to revise regulations Obstructive safety standards Selection, design and installation can be more complicated More, thorough training, formalisation of service sectors Lack of knowledge (flammability, high pressure)

15. Thank you for your attention! Dr Daniel Colbourne d.colbourne@re-phridge.co.uk Prof. Roberto Peixoto robertopeixoto@maua.br