1. Presented by:Hajo Idriss Researcher Sudan atomic energy commission RSI hjoidriss@gmail.com بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. Define as the type of waste consist of radionuclides exceed the level a adopted by IAEA Radioactive waste

3. Philosophy of radioactive waste management Protection of people and environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation

4. Basic concept radiation protection Time Shielding Distant Time Shielding Distant

9.  Oil drilling : NORM waste { 238 U, 226 Rn 222 Rn}  Mining : { 238 U, 226 Rn 222 Rn}  Medical : { 60 Co, 137 Cs and 125,131 I}  Industry : { 90 Sr, 192 Ir and Am Be }  Reactor {Spent fuel and Fuel processing}  Military :depleted uranium  Oil drilling : NORM waste { 238 U, 226 Rn 222 Rn}  Mining : { 238 U, 226 Rn 222 Rn}  Medical : { 60 Co, 137 Cs and 125,131 I}  Industry : { 90 Sr, 192 Ir and Am Be }  Reactor {Spent fuel and Fuel processing}  Military :depleted uranium Sources of radioactive waste

10. NORMNORM NORMNORM Spent fuel

11. Medical Military industry

12. high intermediate low long medium short Solid gas Liquid Acidic Alkaline gamma neutron alpha beta physical Properties Half-life Type of radiation activity chemical Properties Classification of radioactive waste

13. Applicability Planning assumptions Concept of operations Logistics Plan maintenance

16. Am-Be

17. 192 Ir

18. 192 Sr

19. 60 Co

20. 99m Te

21. Health risk of radioactive material How does radioactive material case health effect ? strip away electrons from atoms break some chemical bonds How does radioactive material case health effect ? strip away electrons from atoms break some chemical bonds

23. What kinds of health effects does exposure to radiation cause? stochastic non-stochastic What kinds of health effects does exposure to radiation cause? stochastic non-stochastic

24. Is any amount of radiation safe? There is no firm basis for setting a "safe" level of exposure above background for stochastic effects. Is any amount of radiation safe? There is no firm basis for setting a "safe" level of exposure above background for stochastic effects.

25. How do we know radiation causes cancer???????????????????? (depend on human immune system) How do we know radiation causes cancer???????????????????? (depend on human immune system)

26. Aren't children more sensitive to radiation than adults? Yes, because children are growing more rapidly there are more cells dividing Aren't children more sensitive to radiation than adults? Yes, because children are growing more rapidly there are more cells dividing

27. Type of radiation exposure Inhalation Ingestion

28. External Internal

29. health effect of radiation Health effect of radioactive material DU 60 Co

30. Radiation detection instrument

32. Contamination measurement

33. Safety equipment

34. Radiation accident

42. Any question