1. GSE M&M
WEEK 11

2. Today’s Schedule Return Quizzes and other papers
Review CLT and presentation groups
Application of CLT methods
The Natural Approach
Cooperative Language Learning
Content Based Instruction
Task-based Language Teaching
Sample Lesson Plan
How does this lesson plan follow your method?
How could you modify this lesson to better fit your method?

3. Introduction to Current Methods
Communicative Language Teaching marked the beginning of the current language teaching methods period
Began in the 1980s
Applied linguistics began emphasizing functional and communicative potential of language, and modifying teaching practices to emphasize these
The philosophy of CLT has spawned several teaching practices including the Natural Approach, Content- Based Teaching, Task-Based Teaching, and others

4. Communicative Language Teaching
Is seen as an approach to language teaching (not method)
Learning to use English (weak) vs using English to learn it (strong)
No one book or authority on CLT
Focus on communication from the beginning (not delayed)
Learner-centered and experienced-based
Language carries out a task and is meaningful to learners
Syllabi consist of
Topics (food, weather)
Functions (describing, requesting info)
Notions (time, frequency, duration,
Vocabulary and grammar needed

5. Comparing Current Methods (handout)

6. Project #2 Current Methods
2-3 people per group (Natural, Coop, CBI, TBLT)
Assignment: Teach a Mini Lesson ~15 minutes using your selected method.
Structure
Introduce method, tell us what we will see in your lesson, what age/level we (the students) are
Teach your lesson
Conclusion and Q&A
Other considerations
Your project’s unity (dividing up the roles equally) is very important
You will need to turn in a lesson plan stating everyone’s roles
Someone will need to introduce the lesson, 2-3 people can take turns teaching
Someone will need to make materials (worksheet + PPT) for the lesson

7. Grading Rubric Unity/evenly divided roles 10 points
Method clearly demonstrated points
Materials (handouts, PPTs, etc) points
Use other resources besides textbook 5 points
Participation points
Total 50 points

8. Sign Up Sheet Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 The Natural Approach
Yong Min
JooWon
Cooperative Learning
Content Based Instruction
Peggy
Rose
Task Based Language Teaching

9. Application of Methods to Teaching
How will you teach a mini-lesson using this method?
All methods we are studying are variations of Communicative Language Teaching
Focused on communication
Learner Centered
Students complete tasks by using English
Materials: text-based, task-based, and realia

10. Application of Methods to Teaching
Determine your students’
Age
Ability
Background knowledge (in relation to task)
Decide what content you want to teach
Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking focus?
Grammar or vocabulary?
Do you want to teach about culture?

11. Types of Materials Text-based: Textbooks
Task-based: handbooks, cue cards, activity cards, pair communication materials
Games, Role plays, Communication activities (information gap, jigsaw)
Realia: Real life materials
advertisements, menus, maps, charts

12. Procedures present a dialogue Oral practice Q&A
Study communicative expressions
Learner discovery of rules
Oral recognition or production activities

13. The Natural Approach Input hypothesis i+1
Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis: competency can be developed through acquiring an L2 like an L1, and through learning conscious rules about the language
Monitor hypothesis: Ss need time, focus on the form, knowledge of rules to initiate conscious learning
Affective Filter Hypothesis: Motivation, Self-Confidence, and anxiety reduction needed for effective learning

14. The Natural Approach
Basic personal communication skills: oral, written
Academic learning skills: oral, written
Stages of learning: pre-production, early- production, and speech-emergent
Use realia rather than textbooks
No unique techniques, so do whatever you like 

15. Cooperative Language Learning
Most speech is organized in conversation, focus on communicative competency
Critical thinking skills, question matrix
Cooperative activities: formal groups, informal groups, cooperative base groups
Individual accountability

16. Cooperative Language Learning
Team practice from common input, jigsaw activities, discovery learning
Importance of materials to aid cooperative learning

17. Content-Based Instruction
Decide which content to teach through English
Different programs to model:
Immigrant On-Arrival Programs
Limited English Proficiency (LEP)
English for Specific Purposes (LSP)
Theme-based language instruction, sheltered content instruction (SIOP) adjunct language instruction, team- teach approach, skills-based approach

18. Content-Based Instruction
Language is a means of acquiring information. CBI activities emphasize the need to learn a language
Language is text and discourse based, on integrated skills, and purposeful
Build on learner’s background knowledge. Teach skills and strategies for acquiring knowledge.
Learn by doing and through collaborative learning
Materials are heavily used

19. Task-Based Language Teaching
Tasks give students a context for learning to take place.
Focus on process rather than product “Getting there is half of the fun!”
Categories of team performance: orientation, organizational functions, adaptation, and motivational functions
TBLT is a learning theory rather than language theory – language is a means of making meaning, draw on structural, functional and interactional models of language

20. Task-Based Language Teaching
Choose a real world task that meets needs of learners
Figure out what pedagogical tasks can be accomplished through the real world task
Figure out what your goal is and how students will achieve that goal (p.234)
Figure out how to prepare learners, and sequence the task for optimal learning (pre task, task and post task)
Real world materials emphasized