1. Lung Disease
L.O: to describe the effects of lung diseases on lung function
Starter: Pulmonary TB is a disease of the lungs. Describe the transmission and course of infection of pulmonary TB. (5 marks)

2. Answers

3. Bacteria inhaled by person not immune to it
Bacteria start to reproduce in upper lung where plenty of oxygen
Immune system responds, phagocytes arrive and ingest bacteria
Usually in young children
In healthy, more resistant people
Primary Infection
Lymph nodes that drain area of lungs become inflammed and enlarged –
Few symptoms and the infection is controlled, but some bacteria remain
Many years later bacteria re-emerge in a second infection
Post-Primary Infection (may not happen)
More difficult to control. Lung tissue damaged, scar tissue forms
Lung tissue and blood coughed up,without treatment can fatally spread throughout body
More difficult to control. Lung tissue damaged, scar tissue forms
Many years later bacteria may re-emerge in a second infection
Lymph nodes that drain area of lungs become inflammed and enlarged –
Few symptoms and the infection is controlled, but some bacteria remain
Immune system responds, phagocytes arrive and ingest bacteria
Bacteria inhaled by person not immune to it
Lung tissue and blood coughed up, without treatment can fatally spread throughout body
Bacteria start to reproduce in upper lung where plenty of oxygen

4. Bacteria inhaled by person not immune to it
Bacteria start to reproduce in upper lung where plenty of oxygen
Immune system responds, phagocytes arrive and ingest bacteria
Usually in young children
In healthy, more resistant people
Primary Infection
Lymph nodes that drain area of lungs become inflammed and enlarged –
Few symptoms and the infection is controlled, but some bacteria remain
Many years later bacteria re-emerge in a second infection
Post-Primary Infection (may not happen)
More difficult to control. Lung tissue damaged, scar tissue forms
Lung tissue and blood coughed up,without treatment can fatally spread throughout body

7. ?

8. Disease
Cause
Affect on lungs
Symptoms
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Asthma
Emphysema

9. Disease
Cause
Affect on lungs
Symptoms
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Exact cause unclear – microscopic injury/genetic predisposition
Scar tissue lengthens diffusion pathway and alveoli are less elastic
Shortness of breath
Chronic, dry cough
Pain in chest
Weakness and fatigue
Asthma
Localised allergic reaction
Bronchiole muscle contracts, constricting airways so less oxygen can enter lungs
Difficulty breathing,
Wheezing sound when breathing
Tight feeling in chest/Coughing
Emphysema
Almost always smoking. Rarely air pollution
Alveoli merge together – more space, less surface area. Elasticity reduced, exhalation volume reduced
Chronic cough
Bluish skin colouration

10. Lung diseases The all disrupt lung function:
Pulmonary TB (only infectious disease here)
Bacteria destroy lung tissue - cavities and scars form
Pulmonary fibrosis
Scar tissue thickens diffusion path
Reduces elasticity – lower volume of air exhaled
Asthma
Constricted airways reduce air taken in (inhalation affected)
Emphysema
Surface area of alveoli reduced

11. Past Exam Q
Emphysema is another disease of the lungs. People with emphysema may feel weak and tired. Explain why. (5 marks)

12. Answers

13. Keyword Crossword
Think of keywords on lungs and apply them to the crossword

15. A-D Cards Which is an infectious disease? Pulmonary tuberculosis
Asthma
Pulmonary fibrosis
Emphysema

16. A-D Cards What is the main site of gas exchange in lungs? Trachea
Alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles

17. A-D Cards Pulmonary ventilation = Tidal wave X ventilation rate
Tidal volume X heart rate
Tidal volume / ventilation rate
Tidal volume X ventilation rate

18. A-D Cards Which is not correct. During:
Inspiration the diaphragm flattens
Expiration the external intercostals relax
Inspiration the internal intercostals contract
Expiration the diaphragm contracts

19. A-D Cards Which is not a feature of Fick’s Law? Surface area
Length of diffusion path
Water potential
Difference in concentration