1. AN ORGANISATION FOR A NATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM Information modelling – standards context Simon Cox

2. Overview of spatial information standards Features, coverages & observations OGC & ISO/TC 211 basics UML Notation Useful existing models –GeoSciML, GWML, O&M, etc

3. Objects vs Fields “feature” “field” or “coverage” The world contains objects. Each object has multiple properties. Several objects can be in the same place A property of the world varies. Each property is continuous. The property has a single value at any location. https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/wiki/bin/view/AppSchemas/OGCInformationModels

4. They often appear together 4 Drill-rig – a feature - multiple properties Drill-log – a coverage - continuously varying property

5. The viewpoints may correspond with different sections of same dataset SpecimenLatitude LongitudeCu (%)As (ppm)Sb (ppm) ABC-123-29.1048118.67324.230.50.34 ABC-123-29.1062118.66983.150.70.21 ABC-123-29.1055118.66781.420.40.11 ……………… Row summarizes the properties of one feature Column = variation of a single property across a domain (i.e. set of locations)

6. Standards context ISO/Technical Committee 211 – Geographic Information –Main stakeholders: national standards bodies –40+ Standards, generally conceptual (UML) –http://www.isotc211.org/http://www.isotc211.org/ Open Geospatial Consortium –Main stakeholders: software vendors; government agencies –100+ standards (versions), implementation-oriented –http://www.opengeospatial.org/http://www.opengeospatial.org/

7. Information modelling components Rules for Application Schema – ISO 19109 –Includes General Feature Model Coverage geometry and functions – ISO 19123 Observations and Measurements – ISO 19156 https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/wiki/bin/view/AppSchemas/OGCInformationModels

8. A feature type

9. ISO 19109 General feature model

10. Meta-levels GF_FeatureType –all feature-types River –a feature-type –all rivers Paramatta –a feature instance –a river

11. Class diagrams Show information objects, their properties and relationships } Class attributes } Class constraints Not shown – class operations Additional parent not shown Specialization Association Class stereotype Attribute stereotype Association-end role name Class

12. Relationships

13. Diagrams are selective The diagrams are not the model –Each diagram is a ’projection’ or ‘view’ of part of the model, to communicate a key point Fight the A0 plotter syndrome!

14. Lots of diagrams are a Good Thing Especially in packages containing many classes

15. Useful existing components Primitive data types Spatio-temporal utilities Observations and sensors Other domain models 15

16. ISO primitive datatypes ISO 19103 Conceptual Schema Language –CharacterString –Integer, Real –Measure (scaled number) –Record, RecordType 16

17. ISO spatio-temporal utilities 19111 – Coordinate reference systems 19107 – Spatial schema (geometry) 19123 – Grid schema 19108 – Temporal schema

18. Overview of geometry types

19. Temporal primitives

20. ISO observation models 19115-2 – Metadata for imagery 19156 – Observations and Measurements

21. OM_Observation +phenomenonTime +resultTime +validTime [0..1] +resultQuality [0..*] +parameter [0..*] GFI_PropertyTypeGFI_FeatureOM_ProcessAny +observedProperty 1 0..* +featureOfInterest 1 0..* +procedure 1 +result An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some property of a feature-of-interest, obtained using a specified procedure 19156 O&M

22. Defines the following terms: Observation Procedure – sensor, instrument procedure Observed property – e.g. geophysical parameter Result – e.g. scaled number, vector, image, grid, classification Feature of interest – in-situ, remote, ex-situ (specimen) Phenomenon time – time the result applies to Result time – time the result was obtained Valid time – time period the result may be used A neutral terminology to support cross-domain data discovery & fusion

23. The viewpoints may correspond with different sections of same dataset SpecimenLatitude LongitudeCu (%)As (ppm)Sb (ppm) ABC-123-29.1048118.67324.230.50.34 ABC-123-29.1062118.66983.150.70.21 ABC-123-29.1055118.66781.420.40.11 ……………… Row summarizes the properties of one feature Column = variation of a single property across a domain (i.e. set of locations) Observation provides metadata for a value

24. SF_Specimen Sampling features Domain feature type OM_Observation SF_SamplingFeature +parameter [0..*] +lineage [0..1] GFI_Feature 0..* SF_SpatialSamplingFeature +positionalAccuracy [0..2] +relatedObservation 0..* SF_SamplingSolidSF_SamplingPointSF_SamplingCurveSF_SamplingSurface Intention +sampledFeature SamplingFeatureComplex +role 0..* +relatedSamplingFeature 0..* +relatedObservation 0..*

25. Workflows often use all viewpoints Example: Oceanographic data processing Stage Overall : to analyse and predict geophysical properties of ‘the ocean’ in-situ observations made of various oceanic parameters satellite observations made of sea surface Observations integrated in numerical model  gridded analyses and forecasts individual dynamic features detected (fronts, upwelling zones, etc.) Viewpoint feature coverage + features (observations &stations) coverage coverage + observations feature http://www.thegigasforum.eu/cgi-bin/download.pl?f=545.pdf

26. Published domain models Geology – GeoSciML Mines and mineral deposits - Earth Resources ML GroundwaterML INSPIRE themes https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/wiki/bin/view/AppSchemas/AvailableModels

27. Acknowledgements SISS Project Sponsors: AuScope, ANDS and the ARCS Organisations are supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy Program and/or the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science Initiative Workshop assistance provided by:

28. AN ORGANISATION FOR A NATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM AuScope 2007-2011