1. Latin America By: Dylan Baker and Ashley Munn

2. History of Brazil  On September 7, 1822, Brazil declared its independence.  By 1902, Brazil produced 65% of the coffee in the world.  In 1937 Brazil had a dictatorship under the rule of Getúlio Vargas.  In 1988 a new constitution reduced the power of the president as a result of presidents acting as dictators in the country.

3. Brazil  Legal System  Uses civil law and the adversary system  Political System  Combination of a presidential democracy and a polyarchy democracy.  Economic System  Combination of socialism and welfare capitalism

4. History of Ecuador 1938-46 – Short communist reign occurred 1925 - New constitution increases presidential powers and separates church and state. 1941- 3 day war occurred between Peru and Ecuador 1973 - Gen Augusto Pinochet ousts Allende in CIA-sponsored coup and proceeds to establish a brutal dictatorship.

5. Ecuador  Legal System  Currently uses civil law and the adversary system  Political System  Combination of democracy and a unitary government.  Economic System  Socialist with limited capitalism

6. History of Nicaragua  1821: Nicaragua becomes partially independent and is made a part of the Mexican Empire.  1838: Nicaragua becomes fully independent  1937-1981: The Somoza Dynasty begins, bringing dictatorship into the country.  1984: Nicaragua has a presidential election that is won by Daniel Ortega,

7. Nicaragua  Legal System  Uses civil law and the adversary system  Political System  Combination of a polyarchy democracy and a presidential democracy  Economic System  Uses socialism and welfare capitalism

8. History of Argentina  Founding member of the UN  Has had a military junta led by 3 different dictators from 1966-1973 Ongania, Levingston, and Lanusse  Independence Day is July 9 th,1816  Member of the G-15 and G-20

9. Argentina  Legal System  Currently uses civil law and the adversary system  Political System  Combination of a presidential democracy and a polyarchy democracy.  Economic System  Combination of state capitalism and socialism

10. History of Peru  1824: Peru gains its independence from Spain  1942: Peru becomes engaged in a short border war with Ecuador.  1948: Peru has a military government formed under the leadership of General Manuel Odria.  1980: Peru returns to a democratic government with the election of President Fernando Belaunde.

11. Peru  Legal System  Uses civil law and the adversary system  Political System  Combination of a presidential democracy and a polyarchy democracy  Economic System  Uses aspects of socialism and welfare capitalism

12. History of Chile  Most famous dictator in their history is General Augusto Pinochet  Ranks 1 st in Latin America in economic freedom and the HDI (Human Development Index)  Independence Day is September 18 th, 1810

13. Chile  Legal System  Currently uses civil law and the adversary system.  Political System  Has a combination of a presidential and polyarchy democracy.  Economic System  Combination of socialism and state capitalism

14. Outlier  Ecuador can be considered as an outlier due to its partially unitary government.  Only 15 out of the 137 members of the National Assembly are elected by the citizens of Ecuador.  The other members of the National Assembly are chosen based on the percentage of the country that belong to each political party.

15. “Venezuela Expels Top U.S. Diplomat”  President Nicholas Maduro of Venezuela announced on September 30 that Kelly Keiderling, a top U.S. diplomat, and two other officials would have 48 hours to leave Venezuela.  These officials were accused of conspiring with Maduro’s political opposition.  This came just ten days after Maduro claimed that the U.S. would not allow him to fly over Puerto Rico.

16. “Colombian Peace Talks Stall, Tensions Mount”  On October 13, the 15th round of negotiations between the Colombian government and the rebel group FARC ended.  These negotiations were in regard to the political future of FARC, giving aid to war victims, the issue of FARC taking people hostage, and the trade of narcotics.  These negotiations stem from the 50 year conflict between the rebels and the Colombian government.

17. “ Clashes After Teachers Protest in Rio and Sao Paulo”  Brazilian teachers have been protesting for better wages and better working conditions.  After a peaceful march of 5,000 people (teachers and others who support the teachers), protests have begun to turn violent.  This has resulted in the ransacking of shops, several explosions, and in one extreme case, someone set fire to a police car.

18. Works Cited  http://www.heritage.org/index/ http://www.heritage.org/index/  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/venezu ela/10345985/Venezuela-expels-top-US-diplomat.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/venezu ela/10345985/Venezuela-expels-top-US-diplomat.html  http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/13/us-colombia-peace- idUSBRE99C08O20131013 http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/13/us-colombia-peace- idUSBRE99C08O20131013  http://newshopper.sulekha.com/dilma-rousseff_photo_1561174.htm (photo) http://newshopper.sulekha.com/dilma-rousseff_photo_1561174.htm  http://www.ticotimes.net/More-news/News-Briefs/Nicaragua-s- Ortega-insists-in-reclaiming-Guanacaste-in-court_Tuesday- September-03-2013 (photo) http://www.ticotimes.net/More-news/News-Briefs/Nicaragua-s- Ortega-insists-in-reclaiming-Guanacaste-in-court_Tuesday- September-03-2013

19. Works Cited  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/opinion/global/an- argentine-dictators-legacy.html?_r=1& http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/opinion/global/an- argentine-dictators-legacy.html?_r=1&  http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2010- 2011/americas/ecuador.html http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2010- 2011/americas/ecuador.html  http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/research/chile-constitution.pdf http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/research/chile-constitution.pdf  http://www.pachamamaradio.org/28-07-2013/ollanta-ley-del- servicio-civil-mejorara-las-reglas-del-sector- publico.html/congreso-de-la-republica-mensaje-presidencial-del- presidente-ollanta-humala-tasso-por-celebracion-de-fiestas- patrias (photo) http://www.pachamamaradio.org/28-07-2013/ollanta-ley-del- servicio-civil-mejorara-las-reglas-del-sector- publico.html/congreso-de-la-republica-mensaje-presidencial-del- presidente-ollanta-humala-tasso-por-celebracion-de-fiestas- patrias  http://vovworld.vn/es-es/Enfoque-de-actualidad/Vietnam-y- Chile-avanzan-hacia-una-asociacion-integral/74934.vov (photo) http://vovworld.vn/es-es/Enfoque-de-actualidad/Vietnam-y- Chile-avanzan-hacia-una-asociacion-integral/74934.vov

20. Works Cited  http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/chile.htm http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/chile.htm  http://pdba.georgetown.edu/constitutions/brazil/english96.html http://pdba.georgetown.edu/constitutions/brazil/english96.html  http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/front-page/brazilians- support-bolsa-familia-welfare/ http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/front-page/brazilians- support-bolsa-familia-welfare/  http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-education.htm http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-education.htm  http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_27_11_2012. pdf http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_27_11_2012. pdf  http://m.state.gov/md154516.htm http://m.state.gov/md154516.htm  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18970126 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18970126  http://www.gfme.org/global_guide/pdf/173-176%20Peru.pdf http://www.gfme.org/global_guide/pdf/173-176%20Peru.pdf

21. Works Cited  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-24545479 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-24545479  http://elcapitalino.com/index.php?id=nota&seccion=nacional&ide=4809 (photo) http://elcapitalino.com/index.php?id=nota&seccion=nacional&ide=4809  http://www.unesco- ci.org/photos/showphoto.php/photo/6662/cat/890/title/ecuador-92s- national-assembly (photo) http://www.unesco- ci.org/photos/showphoto.php/photo/6662/cat/890/title/ecuador-92s- national-assembly  http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/10/colombia-government- and-farc-begin-formal-negotiations.html (photo) http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/10/colombia-government- and-farc-begin-formal-negotiations.html  http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/17/us-ecuador-election- idUSBRE91G01K20130217 (photo) http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/17/us-ecuador-election- idUSBRE91G01K20130217  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/96 47629/Argentina-lowers-voting-age-to-16.html (photo) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/96 47629/Argentina-lowers-voting-age-to-16.html

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