1. UNIT: Matter TOPIC: Periodic Table of Elements
Objectives: Lesson 2 of 4
You will learn what the periodic table is and how it is arranged and organized
To know the difference between groups and periods in the periodic table
To understand the reactivity and properties of the different groups on the periodic table
To become familiar with the 7 naturally occurring diatomic molecules

2. Quickwrite Answer one of the questions below 1-2 sentences:
What are some elements on the periodic table you’re familiar with?
Why do you think the periodic table is organized the way it is????
How do you think the elements vary or change throughout the periodic table??
What do know about metals??? If you can, try listing some physical properties of metals

3. Periodic Table
In every chemistry room, you can expect to see a periodic table
The periodic table is made up of atomic symbols for each element
The atomic symbol for hydrogen is H, the atomic symbol for Carbon is C
The periodic table is listed in order of increasing atomic number
It is also arranged in vertical columns and horizontal rows

4. Periodic Table
Mendeleev, a Russian scientist, arranged the elements by atomic number in 1869
He arranged it this way because of similarities in the chemical properties
For example, consider fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and Iodine
Because these elements have a similar electron arrangement, they react and behave in a very similar fashion

5. What is the Periodic Table?
A table that shows the names and atomic symbols of elements and is organized by increasing atomic number
Example: atomic symbol for the element Hydrogen is H

6. Groups 17
Elements with similar chemical Properties that lie in the same vertical column are called groups
Groups are often referred to by the number over the column
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine make up group 17

7. Groups vs. Periods Groups are often referred to by
the number over the column 1 17 18
There are 18 Groups
in the periodic table 2 13 14 15 16 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

8. Groups vs. Periods The Periodic Table is also organized in
horizontal rows
called Periods 1 2 3 4 5
There are 7 periods
In the periodic table 6 7

9. What is the difference between Groups and Periods?
Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table that contain elements with similar chemical properties; 18 groups exist
Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table, 7 periods exist
Period 

10. Alkali Metals In group 1 we have The Alkali Metals
Group 1 Alkali metals are elements such as Lithium (Li), Sodium(Na), and Potassium (K)
These metals share similar chemical properties with each other
They are also very reactive and almost always combine and bond with other elements (Ex. NaCl)
In group 1 we have
The Alkali Metals

11. the Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2 Alkaline earth metals include elements such as Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium
These metals share similar chemical properties
In group 2 we have
the Alkaline Earth Metals

12. Halogens
Group 17 Halogens include elements such as Fluorine, Chlorine and Bromine
Many of these elements are gases or liquids at room temperatures
Once again, these elements have similar chemical properties
In group 17 we have
the Halogens

13. Noble Gases
Group 18 Noble Gases include elements such as Helium, Neon, and Argon
As their name implies, these elements are gases at room temperature
Noble gases do not react with other elements
For example, Helium is always pure helium atoms
In group 18 we have
the Noble Gases

14. Transition Metals
Transition metals include many of the elements we are familiar with such as Nickel, Iron, Copper, Gold and Silver
In groups 3-12, we have
the Transition Metals

15. What are the different types of groups?
Group 1 = Alkali Metals, Example: Sodium (Na), these metals are extremely reactive
Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals, Example: Magnesium (Mg)
Groups 3-12 =Transition Metals, Example: Iron (Fe)
Group 17 = Halogens, Example: Chlorine (Cl)
Group 18 = Noble Gases, Example: Argon (Ar), these gases are non-reactive or inert and exist in nature as single atoms

16. Metals, Semimetals, & Nonmetals
The periodic table is also classified into 3 basic different types of substances:
-Metals
-Semimetals
-Nonmetals
Nonmetals
Metals
Semimetals

17. Metals Most of the periodic table is made up of metals
Metals Conduct Electricity
They are Malleable (hammered and flattened), Ductile (stretched and pulled into wires) and Lustrous (shiny)

18. What are Metals? Most of the periodic table is made up of metals
Metals conduct electricity, they are malleable (can be flattened), ductile (can be stretched), and lustrous (shiny)
Ex: Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)
Please draw:

19. Semimetals
The elements that divide the Metals and Nonmetals are semimetals
These elements are also called Metalloids
They have properties of both Metals and Nonmetals
Examples of Silicon (used in computers), and germanium and arsenic

20. What are Semimetals?
Diagonal band of Elements that separate metals and nonmetals and have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Ex: Silicon (Si) and Arsenic (As)
Please Draw:

21. Nonmetals
Nonmetals are just like they sound: elements that lack properties of metals
Nonmetals do not conduct electricity & they are brittle and dull in color
They also show much more variation than metals do
Examples would include the oxygen (gas), chlorine (gas), bromine (liquid), sulfur (solid), and carbon (solid)

22. What are Nonmetals?
Elements on the right side of the periodic table that do not have properties of metals
Nonmetals are brittle, do not conduct electricity, dull in color (not shiny)
Example: Sulfur (S), Carbon (C)
Please Draw:

23. Natural States of the Elements
Elements on the periodic table are different in how they behave and react with other elements
Some elements such as sodium are very reactive and readily bond with other elements
Other elements like gold, platinum and Helium are non-reactive or inert, and do not like to bond with other elements
It is these chemical properties that make metals like gold and platinum highly valuable and sought after

24. Noble Gases Helium Balloon
If you remember, noble gases, such as helium, neon and argon are non-reactive and exist in nature as single atoms
We say these noble gases are monoatomic, or individual lone atoms that are not bonded to any other element
For example, consider a party balloon filled with Helium (He)
The balloon is filled with single, lone Helium atoms
= He
Helium
Balloon

25. Diatomic Molecules Air Mixture = O2 = N2 = Ar
Some elements are found in their natural state as diatomic molecules
A diatomic molecule is a molecule made up of 2 atoms bonded together
For example consider a balloon filled with air
Air is a mixture of 79 % N2 gas and 20% O2 gas and 1% Argon gas
N2 and O2 molecules exist in nature as diatomic molecules
Notice, Argon (Ar), is a monoatomic single atom
= O2
= N2
= Ar
Air
Mixture

26. Other Diatomic Molecules at Room Temperature
= Gases: H2 ,O2 , N2 , F2 & Cl2
= Liquids: Br2
= Solid: I2

27. What are the 7 naturally occurring diatomic molecules?
= Gases: H2 ,O2 , N2 , F2 & Cl2
A molecule that exists as two atoms in its natural state
Examples are: H2 ,O2 , N2 , F2 , Cl2 , (Gases) Br2 (Liquid) and I2 (Solid)
= Liquids: Br2
= Solid: I2

28. Summarize: (you can always write you own)
Compare and contrast Periods and Groups:
In which group can each of the following be found:
Transition metals
Halogens
Alkali Earth Metals
Noble Gases
Alkali Metals
Compare and contrast the reactivity of alkali metals and the noble gases; which group is more reactive? Which group is less reactive (inert)?
Explain the difference between diatomic molecules and monoatomic atoms:
How many diatomic molecules exist in nature?
Describe the physical properties for each of the following:
Nonmetals
Metals
Semimetals