1. History of Africa The continent, not the country…

2. Way older than Mr. Bristow…  Prehistory (before 3000 BCE)  Sahara is a tropical grassland  Supported giraffe, elephant, and rhino  Earliest human settlements  Bantu Migration(2000-500 BCE)  Begin just south of Sahara  Spread over all sub-Saharan Africa  “Root” language for most modern Africa languages  Egypt (3000 – 520 BCE)  First large civilization in Africa  3 time periods with 100-300 year “dark ages” in between (Old, Middle, New)  Creators of pyramids, geometry, and mummification

3. A little older than Mr. Bristow…  Ghana (600-1400 CE)  Massive trading empire  Gold-salt trade  First major civilization in sub- Saharan Africa  Rise of Islam (700-1100 CE)  First conquers northern Africa near the Mediterranean Sea.  Also conquers Eastern Africa, and Western Africa  Very tolerant toward indiginous religions  Great Zimbabwe (1000-1500 CE)  Southeastern Africa  Controlled trade of gold and ivory in the area  Large stone building and towers

4. Bristow was around…  European slave trade (1500-1800 CE)  Columbian Exchange  Slaves came from all over Africa  Ports on the Atlantic served as trade centers  Berlin Conference(1884-1885 CE)  Meeting of European powers to divide up Africa  Was designed to prevent war  Not a single Africa delegate was there  World War II (1940-1943 CE)  German Afrika Korps led by Rommel  Germans caught between British and American troops  Localized to North Africa

5. Recent times  End of colonies (1951-1980 CE)  After World War II and with pressure from US to drop colonies  Final release was Zimbabwe from Great Britain  Almost no transition support  Ethnic Wars (1951-Present)  No strong central government to protect citizens  Years of rage unleashed upon former upper class  500k-1mil dead in 100 days in Rwanda  Nation building(Present)  Countries attempting to stabilize and create new governments  Sometime successful and stable (Botswana)  Sometimes not (Sudan, Egypt)