1. Stone age (2 MA to 4000 bc) Various metal ages Petroleum age (1859- 2040?) Confessions of a former petroleum geologist Blythe Hoyle Department of Geology November 18, 2005

2. Each dollar increase in oil price = 863 more students taking geology! Enrollment data, AGI.

3. http://www.naturalgas.org/images/drilling_diagram.gif http://www.naturalgas.org/images/drilling_diagram.gif image from U.S. Energy Information Administration Primary production by pumping yields 25-35% of oil in place Secondary production (water flooding) may yield another 20-30% Tertiary production (steam, CO2 flooding, biopolymer plugging) is expensive, yield?

4. U.S. Consumes 26% of Global Petroleum Production July 2005, daily: 21.95 million barrels Imports = 61% U.S., annual: 8 billion barrels oil U.S. per capita: 27 barrels per year U.S. is third largest producer

5. Petroleum imports http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/pie%20chart.gif 2003 data

6. O rganization P etroleum E xporting C ountries AlgeriaQatar IndonesiaSaudi Arabia IranUAE KuwaitVenezuela LibyaIraq Nigeria Total OPEC crude oil production: 30 million BOPD Spare capacity: 1 to 1.5 million BOPD (Saudi Arabia)

7. Global spare capacity is low http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/gifs/Slide8.gif

8. Most petroleum is used for fuel Data replotted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/good%20barrell.gif Gas: C1-C4 Naphtha (solvents): C5-C7 Gasoline:C6-C12 Jet fuel = kerosene: C10-C15 Diesel/heating oil: C10-C20 Vaseline: C16-C20 Paraffin, tar, asphalt: >C20

9. In 1967 we were all laughing Mr. McGuireMr. McGuire:I want to say one word to you. Just one word. Benjamin: Yes, sir. Mr. McGuire: Are you listening? Benjamin: Yes, I am. Mr. McGuire: Plastics. Benjamin Mr. McGuire Benjamin Mr. McGuire The Graduate, 1967, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0061722/quotes

10. But who’s laughing now? Acc. To EIA/DOE, “petroleum products account for 89% of … energy consumption for non-fuel uses” Plastics Textiles Pharmaceuticals Fertilizer Coke for graphite products Solvents Food grade paraffin Petroleum jelly (cosmetics) Asphalt-paving, roofing Pesticides

11. Alternative Carbon Sources Oil sands (3,500 billion barrels?) Oil Shales (14,000 billion barrels?) Methane hydrates (10,000 billion tons C?) Coal (one ton of coal produces 200 liters of crude, Wikipedia) Natural gas - lots Biofuels

12. Chevron says:

13. Return to Summary of Brown Bag Discussion