1. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 1 ► Web Standards ► Accessibility Testing Tools ► Design & Production Process

2. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 2 Universal Accessibility ► supports all people ► supports all technology ► generally makes site better for all ► relationship to usability ► avoid a separate “text-only” version “Web for Everyone. Web on Everything.” - www.w3.org/Consortium/missionwww.w3.org/Consortium/mission

3. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 3 Valid Code ► HTML & XHTML Validation http://validator.w3.org/http://validator.w3.org/ ► CSS Validation http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/

4. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 4 Web Standards Advocates ► W3C ► http://www.w3.org/ http://www.w3.org/ ► Web Standards Project ► http://www.webstandards.org/ http://www.webstandards.org/

5. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 5 Accessibility in law and policy ► Federal ► Americans with Disability Act ► Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act ► State (of Texas) ► Texas Administrative Code ► Chapter 206 State Web Sites ► House Bill 2819 ► Organization ► University of Texas at Austin Policy www.utexas.edu/web/guidelines/accessibility.html www.utexas.edu/web/guidelines/accessibility.html

6. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 6 Target & Accessibility ► Disability class action lawsuit against Target by National Federation of the Blind ► Charges: www.target.com is inaccessible to the blind violateswww.target.com ► the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ► the California Unruh Civil Rights Act ► California Disabled Persons Act. ► Target asked court to dismiss action ► arguing no law requires Target to make website accessible. ► September 6, 2006 Court Ruling – Case Will Be Heard ► all services provided by Target, including its Web site, must be accessible to the disabled

7. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 7 Accessibility Standards Two sets of Standards: ► Section 508 Standards (United States) ► Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, WCAG 1.0 (international)

8. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 8 Section 508 ► Requires Federal Agencies to make information technology accessible ► 16 objective measurable standards for web accessibility ► Many non-federal organizations are adopting Section 508 as their own standard. ► Effective date: June 21, 2001 www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm

9. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 9 Brief Look at WCAG www.w3.org/wai Developed by consensual process – Comprehensive: Includes over 60 checkpoints – Widely accepted: European Union, Canada, Australia have adopted WCAG. Published in May 1999 (old and about to be replaced by 2.0 anticipated soon) Priority 1: Critical Priority 2: Moderately important Priority 3: Useful but not essential

10. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 10 Brief Look at Section 508 www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm Legally applies only to federal agencies: – Shorter: 508 has 16 checkpoints, WCAG over 60 – Experience: 508 based on WCAG’s most critical accessibility checkpoints. – Measurable: 508 standards developed to be objective and measurable.

11. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 11 Accessibility Testing ► Code Validators – XHTML & CSS ► Accessibility Validators – Page by Page ► Listening to Your Pages ► Screenreaders/Talking Browsers ► Accessibility Reports ► Practical Testing Plan

12. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 12 Accessibility Validators - Page by Page ► WebXact ► The Wave ► Web Developer for Firefox (extension) ► Accessibility Toolbar for IE Accessibility Testing Requires the Human Brain Approximately 27% of Accessibility Issues can be tested automated

13. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 13 Tool+- WebXact ► *New tool from the folks at Watchfire (replaces bobby) ► Excellent resource ► Doesn’t have visual info you used to get from Bobby Wave ► Good for seeing “reading order” & alt text ► Report not as intuitive ► Doesn’t explain how to solve problems Accessibility Toolbar ► Great tool that combines many accessibility validators and simulations ► Only available on PC/IE Web Developer Toolbar ► Fantastic tool that combines many accessibility tools ► Only available in Firefox Accessibility Validators - Page by Page

14. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 14 Evaluation of Free Accessibility Tools ► www.webaim.org/techniques/articles/freetools/www.webaim.org/techniques/articles/freetools/

15. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 15 Testing a Site ► http://www.geocaching.comhttp://www.geocaching.com ► WebXact – webxact.watchfire.comwebxact.watchfire.com ► The Wave - www.wave.webaim.orgwww.wave.webaim.org ► Web Developer Toolbar for Firefox https://addons.mozilla.org/extensions/moreinfo.php?id=60 https://addons.mozilla.org/extensions/moreinfo.php?id=60 ► Accessibility Toolbar for IE http://www.nils.org.au/ais/web/resources/toolbar/ http://www.nils.org.au/ais/web/resources/toolbar/

16. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 16 Testing Your Site(s) - Running Reports ► What site(s) do you need to test ► _______________________ ► Open a browser and run the home page of your site(s) thru ► webxact.watchfire.com webxact.watchfire.com ► http://validator.w3.org/ http://validator.w3.org/ Internet connection here can get busy. We will run these reports now and then come back and review them later in class.

17. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 17 Accessibility Testing - Listening

18. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 18 Listening to your pages The real test – can users with disabilities actually use your site? Two examples of assistive technology JAWS by Freedom Scientific – popular screen reading software. Uses internal speech synthesizer and computer’s sound card to read info from computer screen aloud. www.freedomscientific.comwww.freedomscientific.com Home Page Reader by IBM – a web access tool for blind and low vision users. www.ibm.com/able/ www.ibm.com/able/

19. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 19 Demo of Home Page Reader ► Home Page Reader – a talking browser ► Listen to UT Home Page ► Link Lists ► Skip to Main

20. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 20 Demo of JAWS ► JAWS – a true screenreader for PCs ► reads IE, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Desktop… ► Listen to UT Home Page ► Links on page ► Link Lists – alpha and page order

21. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 21 ► Assistive Technology Demonstration Handout ► Listen to the Knowbility Site using JAWS ► Listen to your site using JAWS Hands On Exercise Listening to a Web page

22. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 22 Basic JAWS Keystrokes ► Shut-up!: Control key (Escape also works.) ► Return to top of page: Control+Home ► Open a location: Control+O, type URL, press Enter  Hear whole page, press Say-All (Insert+down-arrow)  Move link to link: press tab (shift+tab to go back) ► Headings List: Insert+F6 ► Link List: Insert+F7 ► Forms: use tab to move through form. JAWS will speak the type of control (Edit=input field; radio button=radio button, checkbox=checkbox, button=button, combo box=pull down list), report its status (for radio buttons and checkboxes). ► When you reach a control you want to change, press Enter. JAWS will say “Forms mode on.” You can then: ► Enter text in an input field ► Press the spacebar to check a checkbox or select a radio button ► If JAWS says “combo box”: press Alt+down arrow to “open” the combo box, then use the arrow keys to move through the options ► Press tab to go to the next control ► Press Shift+tab to move backwards ► Press Enter to Submit a form or activate another button

23. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 23 Accessibility Reports Site Wide Testing Tools ► LIFT ► WebXM

24. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 24 LIFT Machine ► Tests entire sites for accessibility ► Builds accessibility reports ► Results by checkpoints ► Checkpoints expanded

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29. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 29 1. Test with your browser ‣ Turn off images, Don’t use the mouse, Turn off your speakers, Increase font size, Change window size. 2. Testing with Toolbars ‣ Turn off CSS, Turn off Javascript, Set to Greyscale, Display Structure (Headings, Lists…) 3. Run online Accessibility Tests on representative pages ‣ use more than one tool, example: WebXact & Wave 4. Listen to your pages ‣ JAWS or HomePage Reader 5. If you have access, Run a LIFT Report 6. Hands on Accessibility Testing with Users who have disabilities A Practical Testing Plan

30. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 30 Hands On Exercise Testing Tools ► Apply the practical testing plan on the previous page to your web site starting with your home page. ► Open excel to keep track of the issues you find. ► Create a columns for the following: ► URL ► Problem ► Line number(s) ► Solution ► Comments ► Priority ► As time permits, select another representative page of your site and continue testing. ► Send the excel spreadsheet to yourself in an email

31. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 31 Design Process & Production

32. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing 32 Design Process www.utexas.edu/learn/designprocess/

33. Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc. Accessibility Testing Accomplishments & Next Steps What have you learned today? Accessibility Testing Tools Practical Testing Plan Design Process Next Steps What accessibility actions do you plan to take next? What do you need now?