1. Political Ideologies

2. The Political Spectrum
The political spectrum is a line along which are placed the various political ideologies and political parties
This line has a center, a left side and a right side
The extreme ends of the line represent extreme political beliefs while the center is associated with more moderate beliefs

3. The Political Spectrum I
Center
Left
Right

4. The Political Spectrum II
The center of the political spectrum is associated with the democratic form of government.
The extreme ends of the line on both the right and the left are totalitarian in form.

5. Democracy
Direct democracy, where all citizens participate in government, originated with the ancient Greeks.
A Republic practices indirect democracy through elected representatives who speak for the people.
In a democracy the gov/state exists to serve the citizen.

6. Totalitarianism
Totalitarian forms of government are found at the extreme ends of the political spectrum on both the right and the left.
The gov/state exercises total control in this form of government.
In a totalitarian regime the individual exists only to serve the gov/state.

7. The Political Spectrum
Totalitarian
Democratic
Totalitarian

8. The Political Spectrum
The political beliefs of the left side of the spectrum support economic equality and change or progress in society
The extreme left is associated with Communism
Socialism and Social Democratic constructs are located on the left inside the circle – to various degrees

9. The Political Spectrum V - The Left Wing
Communism
Socialism

10. Communism
Karl Marx wrote the ‘Communist Manifesto’ in which he indicated that economic equality could only be achieved after a violent revolution.
Marx believed that the working people, or proletariat, would take power from their capitalist masters. He advocated uniting to overthrow private ownership.

11. Socialism
The socialists, also, believe in economic equality, but only if it can be achieved through voting.
The basic goal of socialism is a more equal distribution of wealth. Nationalization of major industries is used to achieve this goal.
Democratic socialist political parties can be found in most modern democratic states such as Britain, France, and Spain.

12. The Political Spectrum
Political beliefs on the right side of the line support tradition and resist change in society that they deem unnecessary.
The extreme right is associated with Fascism.

13. Fascism
Fascism as a political ideology began in Italy in 1922 with the regime of Benito Mussolini.
In Germany the National Socialist Party led by Hitler came to power in 1933.
This political philosophy stressed militarism, nationalism, and racial purity. These were seen as a means to protect traditional beliefs.

14. The Political Spectrum VII - Center to Right Wing
Liberalism
Fascism
Conservatism

15. The Political Spectrum
Conservatism
Communism
Socialism
Fascism

16. The Political Spectrum
Left
Right
Moderate
Liberal
Conservative
Communism
Fascism
Center