1. POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Prof. Anand Bhatt

2. CONTENTS Introduction India’s Energy production scenario Classification Working principles Main Components Syllabus

3. INTRODUCTION A power plant can be defined as a set of number of components working together simultaneously to convert any of the natural form of energy into electrical energy. Initially, energy is converted into mechanical form and finally it is converted in electrical power. Electrical Energy is the only form of energy which is easy to produce, easy to transport for long distance, easy to use and easy to control. Electrical power consumption per capita is the direct index of development of a country.

4. INDIA’S ENERGY SCENARIO

6. Installed Capacity as on Thermal (MW)MW Nuclear (MW) Renewable (MW) Total (MW) % Growth (on yearly basis) CoalGasDiesel Sub-Total Thermal Hydel Other Renewable Sub-Total Renewable 31-Dec-1947 756-98854-508- 1,362- 31-Dec-1950 1,004-1491,153-560- 1,7138.59% 31-Mar-1956 1,597-2281,825-1,061- 2,88613.04% 31-Mar-1961 2,436-3002,736-1,917- 4,65312.25% 31-Mar-1966 4,4171373524,903-4,124- 9,02718.80% 31-Mar-1974 8,6521652419,0586406,966- 16,66410.58% 31-Mar-1979 14,87516816415,20764010,833- 26,68012.02% 31-Mar-1985 26,31154217727,0301,09514,460- 42,5859.94% 31-Mar-1990 41,2362,34316543,7641,56518,307- 63,6369.89% 31-Mar-1997 54,1546,56229461,0102,22521,65890222,56085,7954.94% 31-Mar-2002 62,13111,1631,13574,4292,72026,2691,62827,897105,0464.49% 31-Mar-2007 71,12113,6921,20286,0153,90034,6547,76042,414132,3295.19% 31-Mar-2012 112,02218,3811,200131,6034,78038,99024,50363,493199,8779.00% 31-Mar-2015 [1] [1] 164,63623,0621,200188,8985,78041,267 @ 35,77777,044271,72210.8%

7. CLASSIFICATION Bulk Electrical Power production: (1) Thermal Power Plant (Rankine cycle) -Combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels (2) Nuclear Power plant -By Nuclear fusion or fission (3) Hydraulic power plant -By using the energy of flowing fluid from the dam (4) Gas turbine (Brayton Cycle) -By combustion of fuel (5) Renewable sources for power production -Solar, wind

8. WORKING PRINCIPLES Thermal Power Plant:

9. WORKING PRINCIPLES Nuclear Power Plant (Fission principle):

10. Nuclear Power Plant (Fusion principle): WORKING PRINCIPLES

11. Hydraulic Power Plant : WORKING PRINCIPLES

12. Gas turbine Power Plant : WORKING PRINCIPLES

13. Renewable sources for Power production: WORKING PRINCIPLES

14. MAIN COMPONENTS OF POWER PLANT Boiler Turbine Condenser Cooling tower Water Pump Nuclear Reactor Blowers Compressor

15. SYLLABUS Economics of Power Generation – Load-Duration Curves, Power Plant Economics Boilers – Types of boilers, mountings and accessories, packaged boiler, high-pressure high duty boilers, Indian Boiler Act, inspection. Natural draught, estimation of height of chimney and condition of maximum discharge, induced, forced and balanced draught systems. Condensers, principles of operation and construction, estimation of vacuum efficiency, air leakage, air and water handling capacity determination. Cooling towers, construction, operation and maintenance. Nuclear reactors, construction and working. Steam Nozzles – Types, application of continuity and SFE equations, concept of critical pressure, super-saturated flow, effect of variation of back pressure. Steam Turbines – Principle of operation, types, flow of steam through impulse bladings, flow of steam through reaction bladings, losses, reheat factor, internal efficiency, constructional details. Industrial Steam Turbines – Back pressure, pass out and mixed pressure turbines. Method of Improving Performance of Steam Turbines – Regenerative feed water heating, reheat cycles. Steam Turbine Governing – Types, part load performance. Gas Turbines – Types, performance parameters, means of improving performance, constructional details, starting, ignition systems and lubricating systems. Combined Cycle Power Plants – Arrangements, advantages, parameters affecting the performance, analysis. Pollution problems of thermal power plant and its control.