1. Battle of Britain Who British RAF VS. German Luftwaffe What Operation Sea Lion- eliminate RAF before launching sea attack Germans retaliate on Britain for bombings on Berlin Blitz When July-October 1940 Significance? TOTAL WAR : war turns on civilians Germans lose due to technology :  planes were too slow  Fighter pilots inexperienced  Fuel limitations Germans focus on ports- Britain builds up air strength couldn't’t knock out radar bases Attacked air force bases BLITZ First Allied victory. Moral was not destroyed. Launches Allied offensive strikes

2. Battle of the Atlantic Who Allies: merchant convoys (tankers and ammunition ships) Allies protected by cruisers, destroyers, minesweepers German U-boats What Longest battle German torpedoes and mines “wolfpack” tactics. U-boats and merchant convoys at war in the Atlantic ocean When September 1939-May 1945 1942-43 Germans biggest success May 1943 turning point for Allies Significance? Expanded the war from Western Europe to shores of North America, Northern Russia, the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean. Technology : German industry and science was rapidly replacing losses and providing improved equipment. long-range bombers-closes “black pit” weapon, radar and code- breaking developments Allies were able to stay in war from supplies making it across the Atlantic.

3. The Italian Campaign Who Britain, France, USA, Canada VS. Italy and German What Invade Sicily  mainland Salerno  Rome Defeated Italians in Sicily, Germans defended mainland but surrender in Northern Italy When Summer 1943- Spring 1945 Significance? Needed to invade Italy before thiking about Normandy. Continue to destroy Germans strength. Secure the Mediterranean Sea for shipping Contributed to downfall of Mussolini Experience in mountainous terrain, “mouseholing” tactics

4. Normandy Landings Who Eisenhower (USA) Montgomery (British) Keller (Canada) August (French) Rommel (German) What Operation Overlord- Amphibious landing Invade Northern France, push Germans back into Germany When June 6 th 1944 Where 5 beaches of Normandy: Omaha, Utah, Juno, Gold, Sword Significance? Open up second front to take pressure off of USSR Tricked Hitler into thinking Allies would attack Calais-bombed/dummy camps/radio propaganda Use of parachute brigades Liberate Northern France  Paris  enter Germany through the Ardennes and Rhineland