2. City States- A City state can be defined as an interdependent, self governing city such as Sparta, Athens and in today’s world Vatican City Polis was what Greeks referred to City-States as

3. How many? There were hundreds of City States within Ancient Greece There were hundreds of City States within Ancient Greece Approximately 300 or so Approximately 300 or so Two Greek city states became the most important in Greek History Two Greek city states became the most important in Greek History Sparta Sparta Athens Athens

4. Athens DemocracyPlatoOlympicsColoniesPhilosophy School, tradition, future

5. Sparta WarWarriors Love of Country

6. City States began to become common around 750 BCE City States began to become common around 750 BCE Population ranged between 10-15 thousand Population ranged between 10-15 thousand This is not considered a city by today’s measures This is not considered a city by today’s measures New Glasgow pop. 9,000+ New Glasgow pop. 9,000+

7. History of Sparta Earliest evidence points to human settlement in the Stone Age Earliest evidence points to human settlement in the Stone Age Mycenaean period saw the rise of the Therapnes who would rule the Peloponnese area Mycenaean period saw the rise of the Therapnes who would rule the Peloponnese area Traces can be found which suggest this site overlooked Dorian Sparta & today’s city of Sparti Traces can be found which suggest this site overlooked Dorian Sparta & today’s city of Sparti

8. Where has everyone gone? By the Late Bonze Age there was a massive decline of people in the Peloponnese area By 1200 BC the Mycenaean Civilization was almost completely destroyed But how????

9. Benefactors With this land being left for grabs, a formidable people would soon seize power and create the Sparta who was feared throughout the Ancient World With this land being left for grabs, a formidable people would soon seize power and create the Sparta who was feared throughout the Ancient World Dorian Greeks- These were people who came from the North, a Hellenic people that invaded Greece and mostly filtered down to the Southern Peninsula (Peloponnesus) Dorian Greeks- These were people who came from the North, a Hellenic people that invaded Greece and mostly filtered down to the Southern Peninsula (Peloponnesus) The land was hospitable for people, crops, with plenty of wild game to eat The land was hospitable for people, crops, with plenty of wild game to eat

10. The Creation of Ancient Sparta Quickly the Dorian people because of the natural resources they possessed became the Heart of Peloponnesus as they had what very few other City States had Quickly the Dorian people because of the natural resources they possessed became the Heart of Peloponnesus as they had what very few other City States had Access to Water Access to Water Fertile Land Fertile Land Wild Game Wild Game

11. Issues for Greece as a whole There was very little fertile land to grow food (1/3) of the land was all that could sustain the growing of crops There was very little fertile land to grow food (1/3) of the land was all that could sustain the growing of crops With an increasing population and no more land to move or grow crops on what were the people to do? With an increasing population and no more land to move or grow crops on what were the people to do? How would they sustain their way of life? How would they sustain their way of life?

12. Exploring new lands Most City States sent people out across the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea to find new land Most City States sent people out across the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea to find new land Why? Why? What were some reasons? What were some reasons?

13. Spartans show they are not followers..only leaders Spartan society did not agree with sending people out to find new lands to harvest..they had different ideas Spartan society did not agree with sending people out to find new lands to harvest..they had different ideas The colony was built on the idea’s that a persons sole goal in life is to do whatever is necessary for their country, they were forced to stay within Sparta and made to love fellow Spartans over all other Greeks and outsiders The colony was built on the idea’s that a persons sole goal in life is to do whatever is necessary for their country, they were forced to stay within Sparta and made to love fellow Spartans over all other Greeks and outsiders

14. Life in Sparta 8 th Century 3 distinct classes 8 th Century 3 distinct classes 1) Spartiates or full citizens 1) Spartiates or full citizens 2) Freemen- Free to live around Sparta, could trade, industry, no politics, taxed heavily, forced military service 2) Freemen- Free to live around Sparta, could trade, industry, no politics, taxed heavily, forced military service 3) Helots (Slaves)- no rights other then not being sold or killed by Spartan masters 3) Helots (Slaves)- no rights other then not being sold or killed by Spartan masters

15. Spartan Annexing of Messenia Spartans only sent 1 embassy out to colonize new lands and they had no intention of sailing the “Greek Lake” Spartans only sent 1 embassy out to colonize new lands and they had no intention of sailing the “Greek Lake” Looked to the West and decided to take over their neighbour Messenia’s land by force Looked to the West and decided to take over their neighbour Messenia’s land by force Two separate Wars were fought, over 20 years of battle but as what would become standard practice in the following years the Spartans came out victorious! Two separate Wars were fought, over 20 years of battle but as what would become standard practice in the following years the Spartans came out victorious!