1. Concept Map! Unit Name:Propagation
Unit EQ: Why is plant propagation so important in the Horticulture Industry?
Vocab:
EQs: 1. What would happen if plants were not able to reproduce?

2. Sexual Propagation of Plants
Sexual Reproduction Overview

3. Warm Up
How do plants sexual reproduce without being able to move?

4. Essential Question
What would happen is plants were not able to reproduce?

5. Why are plants so important?
Plants are essential to life on Earth.
Ecological Producers
Food, Shelter, Oxygen
Humans relied on plants throughout history
Food, Fiber
Present day
Better understanding of plant reproduction = better larger crops!

6. Where are the Plants?

7. Corn Production Projections 2009 and beyond

8. Sexual Reproduction
Definition: male sperm carried in the pollen unites with the female egg within a flower.
Male + Female = Seed
Male Gamete + Female Gamete = Seed
Seed = plant embryo!
Both Male and Female parts provide genetic information to give to the seed.

9. Remember Mendel! Gregor Mendel THE FATHER OF GENETICS 1822-1884 Priest
Study the inheritance traits in pea plants
Not recognized until the 20th century

10. What did Mendel Study?

11. Hybrids Hybrid: offspring that result from a new combination of genes
Allowed for people to greatly improve agriculture crops.

12. Where is this information stored?
ON GENES!
Located on chromosomes
Diploid
Normal plant cells, pair of chromosomes
Haploid
Reproductive cells , Sperm and Egg have single chromosome in each

13. Please take 15 minutes to copy this diagram into your notes
Please take 15 minutes to copy this diagram into your notes. It will be stamped! AKA VERY IMPORTANT
Label which is a normal plant cell and which makes a sex cell

14. Fertilization
Definition: unites the single chromosome in the sperm nucleus with the single chromosome in the egg nucleus.
Fertilized egg joined with sperm makes a diploid cell called a zygote
2nd sperm unites with nuclei of embryo sac to form the endosperm

16. Seed Diagram Endosperm provides FOOD!

17. Pollination Review
Pollination: Male sperm (pollen) contact the female part of the flower (stigma)
Self Pollination: pollen on a plant pollinates flower on the same plant
Cross Pollination: the pollen of a
plant pollinates the flower on another plant of the same species

18. Activity Pollination Crossword Pollination Library Activity .
Please answer questions 1, 2 and 3

19. Concept Map! Unit Name:Propagation
Unit EQ: Why is plant propagation so important in the Horticulture Industry?
Vocab:
EQs: 1. What would happen if plants were not able to reproduce?
2. Why are seeds important to plant propagation?

20. Sexual Propagation of Plants
Seed Anatomy and Purpose

21. Warm Up
Can you name any of the seeds we eat?

22. Essential Question
Why are seeds important to plant propagation?

23. Why are seeds important?
Help plants survive bad weather
Cold Winters
Helps plants “travel”
Carried by abiotic and biotic vectors

24. Monocot Seed Please Copy into your notes.

25. Dicot Seed Please copy into your notes.

26. Seeds Develop in the pistil of the plant Living thing!
Develops from the ovule
Living thing!
Once fertilized zygote grows forming the embryo of the seed

27. Seed Embryo (please draw in notes)
Has parts of a complete plant
Leaves
Epicotyl , plumule
Stems
Hypocotyl
Roots
Radicle
FOOD
Endosperm, or cotyledon

28. Seed Embryo Anatomy
Radicle : the lower end of the hypocotyl that forms the first root of the plant.
Emerges 1st at the start of germination
Hypocotyl: develops into true stem
Epicotyl/Plumule: first leaves!

29. Seed Embryo Anatomy Endosperm: provides food for growing seed embryo
Cotyledons: store food absorbed from the endosperm when the seed was formed
Seed Coat: surrounds the seed and protects it from injury and dehydration

30. Activity Plant Life Cycle Crossword
Review Quiz 1 : Understanding Sexual Reproduction

31. Propagation Plants Sexually Overview
Propagation of Plants
Propagation Plants Sexually Overview

32. Warm Up
Can you tell which plants are made by humans?

33. Essential Question
How does the ability to sexually produce seeds benefit a plant?

34. Remember?
Sexual Reproduction: involves the union of the male pollen with the female egg and results in the formation of a seed.
How is it beneficial?
Allows the plant to make new combinations of genetic information
Adds VIGOR
Increased health

35. How does this happen? Many plants reproduce naturally How?
Special accommodations to attract vectors
Remember what a Vector is?
Abiotic: Wind , Gravity, Rain
Biotic: Birds, Bats, Bees
How has this plant attracted the humming bird? Is there anything special you notice about the plant?
How does this happen?

36. Embryo Plant Forms into adult mature plant
Embryo plant + stored food source = SEED
Seed holds everything the embryo plant needs for the start to life and growth
Remember what the seed contains?
Embryo plant, endosperm (the stored food) and is surrounded by a protective shell, the seed coat.

37. Remember the Vocabulary?
The embryo plant within a seed is the result of a fertilized egg or zygote.
The embryo plant that results from this new combination of genetic information is known as a hybrid.

38. NEW TO KNOW
NEW TO KNOW!
Seeds are designed to wait until the conditions are favorable to begin growth. Therefore, the embryo plant is in a dormant or resting phase while inside the seed.

39. Stages of Seed Growth: Copy for your Notes

40. Seed Stage Mix Up!
You are presented with a photo, group of words, or both.
Please put yourself in the correct order to follow the proper stages of seed germination and growth

41. Activities
Please START your Review Quiz # 2 . Will finish it completely after tomorrow's lecture

42. Research a Vector: Picture with 1 paragraph double spaced
Lib Activity
Research a Vector: Picture with 1 paragraph double spaced
Insect, Bird, Mammal
Tell me: What is the vector? Where does it live? How does it pollinate plants? Do any plants have adaptations to attract the vector? ( Color, Size, Shape?) Why is your vector attracted to the plant(s)?

43. Propagation of Plants
Review Germination

44. Warm Up
Make a Concept Map or Word Web connecting words that are related. On the line you made connecting 2 words, write their relationship.
EXAMPLE: ZYGOTE-----is a _________?
Zygote, Hybrid, Dormant, Embryo Plant, Seed Coat, Germination, Hypocotyl , Radicle, Haploid, Dipolid, Gregor Mendel, Sexual Reproduction

45. Essential Question
What is germination and what conditions are necessary for germination to occur in a seed?

46. Germination Quick Review
Starts at the end of the period of dormancy for the embryo plant that occurs when favorable conditions are present for growth
Seedling Plant grows
has a root system, stem, and leaves to produce the food necessary for the growing plant.

47. Seedling Plant

48. Germination
Definition: process by which an embryo plant inside the seed changes into a developing seedling
Crops grown from seeds: soybean, corn, cotton and other vegetables !

49. Germination: Steps Step 1: Absorption of Water!
By Diffusion
Pressure Builds
Pressure in seed (and adult plant) is called TURGOR
Seed ruptures
Step 2: Radicle Emerges
First root/tap root

50. What’s Required? WATER! Optimum temperature Oxygen
55 and 70 degrees F
Oxygen
Too much water can suffocate the plant
Some require Stratification
A period of cold temperature
Broken seed coat
Digestive Bacteria, eaten by an animal, Frozen then thawed

51. Important Vocabulary Viability Vigor
ability of seeds to germinate under optimum conditions
Vigor
ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions and still produce healthy seedlings

52. Types of Medium
Medium
material which is a source of nutrients and holds the roots in place for the growing plant.
Examples:
Sand, Gravel, Potting Mix, Organic Mix

53. Types of Planting
Direct Seeding: planting seeds directly where plants will grow
Example: grass seeds, outdoor flowers in spring
Indirect seeding: seeds planted (indoors) then transplanted
Planting Date: date when plants are planted
Determined by how long they take to germinate

54. Which is which?

55. Activity Complete Review Quiz 2 Complete Germination Word Find
Complete word search
Write comprehension paragraph
Please turn in all work to your bin

56. Propagation Methods Cuttings
Propagation of Plants
Propagation Methods
Cuttings

57. Warm Up
How would you propagate these plants?

58. Essential Question
Why would we propagate plants asexually?

59. Asexual Propagation
Definition: involves the reproduction of new plants using only the vegetative parts (stem, leaf and root) of the parent plant.
What does this do for us?
Propagate plants that do not produce usable seeds
Lets us breed plants true : have the same results each time ( color, size, number of blooms)
Sometimes fast then propagation by seed

60. Asexual Reproduction Methods
Entire leaves or parts of leaves can be used for propagation
Leaf Cutting: a piece of a leaf blade, or a leaf blade with the petiole attached.
Can produce new stems and roots from the edge of the leaf

61. Leaf Bud Cutting: consists of a leaf blade, the petiole, and a short piece of stem with an attached
Small bud will develop into a new plant, with a new root system

62. What to know about Leaf Cutting Propagation!
Healthy leaves that have just reached maturity should be used for leaf cuttings.
Leaf-bud cuttings are important to the propagator when there is limited plant material and many new plants are needed.

63. What other propagations are out there?
Herbaceous Cutting: made from plants with stems that do not become woody.
Can be taken at any time of the year!

64. Types of Propagation Contin..
Softwood Cutting: taken from the soft, new growth in the spring or early summer.
Cut and placed in moist medium
Lower leaves are removed to prevent moisture loss
Rooting hormones are used stimulate root growth

65. Types of Propagations
Semi Hard Wood: made from woody broadleaf plants in the summer.
3 to 6inch cutting taker after rapid summer growth
Added to moist medium (dirt)
Rooting hormone added

66. Type of Propagation
Hard Wood Cutting: used to propagate evergreens and deciduous plants with woody stems.
Cuttings made during winter when plant is dormant
6 – 8” in length and dipped in rooting hormone
Roots will develop in the spring

67. The needs of the Roots Plants prefer different levels of Most Plants
Moisture, Temperature, Types of medium
Most Plants
Need loose medium
Growing Medium: provide the moisture, aeration, nutrients and other conditions favorable for root formation, sterile and disease free !

68. Moisture! Very important! Cuttings cannot absorb water quickly !
Keep them moist!
Too much can rot roots!
Misting plants works well

69. Activities Review Quiz 3 Book Work Unit 6, Unit 7, Unit 8
Self Evaluations
Write the question with the correct answer.
Example :
1. Producing plants from seed is a type of SEXUAL propagation.

70. Test Review
Define: Sexual Reproduction, Hybrid, Self-Pollination, Medium, Planting Date, Viability, Vigor, Asexual Propagation, Zygote, Fertilization , Cross Pollination, germination
1. What are the parts of the Monocot and Dicot Seeds?
2. What are the parts of the seed (pea seed) What are each of these parts? What do they form in the seedling?
3. What are the three types of cuttings? How are they performed?
4. What is the purpose of Medium?
5. What are some of the requirements roots need to grow properly?
6. What are the steps in Germination?
7. Why is cross pollination important? What results from pollination?
8. Who was the Father of Genetics? What did he study?