1. Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

2. Let’s Review Anaerobic Respiration: Aerobic Respiration:
Does not require Oxygen
Aerobic Respiration:
REQUIRES Oxygen
Name 2 types of Fermentation
1. Alcoholic Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Where does GLYCOLOSIS occur in the cell?
In the CYTOPLASM
Do you need Oxygen for glycolysis? NO

3. Last time…
We discussed that our CELLS need to produce ATP as a means on energy to function We begin this process by breaking down FOOD MOLECULES such as GLUCOSE in a process known as GLYCOLYSIS In the ABSENCE of oxygen, our cells perform anaerobic cellular respiration (FERMENTATION)

4. Glycolysis FIRST step in ALL TYPES of cellular Respiration
Breaks down one Molecule of Glucose into 2 molecules of Pyruvate
Where?: in the CYTOPLASM of the cell
Produces a net amount of ATP
USE 2 ATP to start (-2)
Produces 4 ATP (+4)
4-2= 2 ATP

5. CYTOPLASM GLYCOLYSIS MITOCHONDRIA INPUTS: 1 Glucose 2 ATP OUTPUTS:
Glycolysis: No Oxygen Needed
GLYCOLYSIS
MITOCHONDRIA
INPUTS:
1 Glucose
2 ATP
OUTPUTS:
2 Pyruvates
4 ATP (2 net)
CYTOPLASM

6. Glycolysis Energy In: 2 ATP Energy Out: 4 ATP NET 2 ATP
Steps – A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP.
Glucose 1 3
Step
Glycolysis 1
Glucose-6-phosphate 2
Fructose-6-phosphate
Energy In: 2 ATP 3
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate
Step A six-carbon intermediate splits into two three-carbon intermediates. 4 4
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 5
Step A redox reaction generates NADH. 5
1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 6
Steps – ATP and pyruvic acid are produced.
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)
Energy Out: 4 ATP 6 9 7
2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 8
2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)
NET 2 ATP 9
Pyruvic acid
(2 molecules per glucose molecule)

7. General Outline 1. Glycolysis Pyruvic Acid 2. Fermentation
Glucose
1. Glycolysis
Pyruvic Acid
Oxygen
Aerobic
No Oxygen
Anaerobic
2. Fermentation
2. Krebs Cycle
Lactic Acid Fermentation
3. ETC Or
Alcoholic Fermentation
36 ATP

8. Aerobic Respiration In AEROBIC respiration, Oxygen is present
After Glycolysis, the Pyruvates produced enter the KREBS CYCLE (aka- Citric Acid Cycle)
The next step after the Krebs Cycle is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

10. Krebs Cycle (AKA- Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain
General Outline for Aerobic Respiration
Net Products
(per 1 glucose molecule)
2 Pyruvates
2 ATP
Starts with
GLYCOLYSIS
Krebs Cycle (AKA- Citric Acid Cycle
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH
Then goes into
Ends in
Electron Transport Chain
~34 ATP

11. Pyruvate to Acetyl Co-A
Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl Co-A which enters the Krebs Cycle
This is done by a series of Redox reactions which involve the gaining or loss of electrons between NAD+ and NADH (electron carriers)

12. LEO the lion says GER
Oxidation reactions are either a REDUCTION reaction or an OXIDATION reaction LEO: Lose Electron- Oxidation GER: Gain Electron- Reduction When NAD+ gains an H (NADH) it is reduced When NADH loses an H (NAD+) it is oxidized

13. Electron Carriers: NADH and FADH
NADH and FADH are molecules that carry and transfer ELECTRONS
This transfer of electrons is similar to how electricity works
Think about how you get electricity to a hair dryer
hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_t he_nad__works.html

15. 2nd pathway: Krebs Cycle
AKA- Citric Acid Cycle
WHERE? In the MITOCHONDRIA MATRIX
Each Pyruvate activates one
turn in the cycle
Thus, 1 glucose molecule =
2 pyruvates = 2 turns
Products of Krebs:
-CO2
-NADH
-FADH
-ATP

16. Krebs Cycle Products
For every 1 glucose molecule (i.e- 2 pyruvates) Krebs produces:
2 ATP (energy!)
6 NADH (???)
2 FADH (???)
4 CO2 (by product)
hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_t he_krebs_cycle_works__quiz_2_.html

17. 3rd Pathway: Electron Transport Chain
WHERE?: the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondria
-This is where the MOST ATP is generated through what we call oxidative phosphorylation
-Electron carriers (NADH) transfer electrons along the membrane and a proton gradient forms, fueling the process to create ATP
-the ETC produces between ATP molecules
hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter25/animation__electron_transp ort_system_and_formation_of_atp__quiz_1_.html

18. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
Remember, Aerobic Respiration occurs when there is oxygen present
Role of oxygen comes into play in the Electron Transport Chain
When the electrons transfer through the membrane, they eventually get transferred to the Oxygen
When O2 picks electrons up and then forms WATER by bonding to the H+ protons
Oxygen is the ELECTRON ACCEPTER

21. ATP Synthase http://highered. mcgraw-hill
Along the Mitochondria’s membrane, there are proteins aiding in the electron transport process
One Protein is the ATP-making machine (ATP synthase)
H+ ions pass down through ATP synthase, and allow the bonding of ADP to P to create ATP

22. Why do we care? Cyanide Poisoning
Watch Video
When Cyanide poisoning occurs, it stops the process of electron transfer at Cytochrome A3 (right before ATP synthase)
ATP production stops
Build up of Oxygen occurs
Symptoms: flushed, red skin, rapid breathing, death within minuts

23. Respire to be a Millionaire
Cell Respiration Song
Because we love science in a song….
Respire to be a Millionaire

24. Summary of Cellular Respiration Reactions (make sure to know these!)
Aerobic Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6+ 6O2  6CO2 +6H2O + (36-38ATP)
(remember- it’s the reverse of photosynthesis!)
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration:
Alcoholic Fermentation:
Glucose + (NADH)  Alcohol (i.e- ethanol) + CO2 + 2 ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
Glucose + (NADH)  Lactic Acid + 2 ATP + (NAD+)