1. Indus Valley Civilization (IVS) The IVC was: 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE Contemporary to Egypt, Crete Traded with Mesopotamia Predates China, Greece, Babylon, Israel Noteworthy for sophisticated art and technology Ex: Bricks that are still intact

2. A history of British railroads East India Railway Company was the prototype for Northern Indian Railways. head engineer George Turnbull lead it. In 1856, British engineers John and William Brunton worked on the railway from Karachi to Lahore, needing ballast for the railway track they took hard brick from city ruins of Brahminabad (John) and Harappa (William). While John destroyed his city, William found some ancient seals in Harappa.

3. IVC Seals Notice anything in common? Unicorn-->

4. IVC: Early Harappan Early IVC started at 3300 BCE Mostly farmers. Had a sophisticated irrigation system Harappa started as a trade center for regional crops. Access to grains, peas, sesame seeds, cotton, jewels, and domesticated animals. Had ovens for bread and brick making

5. Golden Age of IVC: A Technologically Advanced Urban Culture 1000+ cities and towns in over 4 modern countries Advanced architecture, literacy, arts, sciences and mathematics Citizens were usually traders or artisans Cities were set up in districts where people of similar profession lived together

6. IVC seals and script Over 600 different symbols Seals are both mass produced and one of a kind Ostensibly for economic and ritual use. Maybe for family seals Typically no more than 10 characters to a seal Hieroglyphic Script Hoofed Animal Example (Cow) of pottery M a d e f r o m c l a y

7. IVC: Art Many examples of visual arts were found in the ruins. Some imply performance art as well There are sculptures, pottery, jewelry, and detailed figures of bronze, clay and gold Some figures show dancer and stringed instruments And there were toys!!

8. Sir John Randolph When I first saw them I found it difficult to believe that they were prehistoric; they seemed to completely upset all established ideas about early art, and culture. Modeling such as this was unknown in the ancient world up to the Hellenistic age of Greece, and I thought, therefore, that some mistake must surely have been made; that these figures had found their way into levels some 3000 years older than those to which they properly belonged. Ö Now, in these statuettes, it is just this anatomical truth which is so startling; that makes us wonder whether, in this all-important matter, Greek artistry could possibly have been anticipated by the sculptors of a far-off age on the banks of the Indus.

9. Mohenjo Daro and Harappa Mohenjo Daro and Harappa are the two largest and most famous of the ruined cities of the IVC Notable facts are the planned nature of the streets, the centralized locations of the cities compared to the surrounding country and the large administrative buildings like the great hall and granary.

10. IVC: Decline The IVC started declining around 2000 BCE. There was desertion from the cities, massive flooding, breakdown of trade networks, and famine and disease. By 1300 the great cities were no more and the people had broken up into regional cultures.

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdGbamPgf8o