1. Gerunds and Infinitives

2. Gerunds and infinitives can function as: NOUNS (subjects, objects, subject complements)

3. To form gerunds, use the base form + ing
I enjoy watching American series
To form negative gerunds, use not + gerund
Not speaking English can be a problem in the show business world.

4. Gerunds used as subject of the sentence.

5. Gerunds used as objects
He enjoys working with animals.

7. Verbs that take only Gerunds
Appreciate
Avoid
Delay
Deny
Discuss
Dislike
Enjoy
Excuse
Finish
Understand
Keep
Mention
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Quit
Recall
Recommend
Resent
Suggest
Verb + ing

8. Gerunds used as object of the preposition
I am thinking about taking the children to Mexico.

9. Common preposition combinations followed by gerunds
apologize for,
blame for,
famous for
take care of
instead of
be accused of
keep from
prevent from
profit from
in addition to
look forward to
be used to
be excited about
complain about,
talk about,
think about,
worry about
believe in,
interested in,
succeed in
insist on
count on
concentrate on
Verb + ing

10. by + gerund You get good grades by studying hard.
go + gerund Recreational activities: camping, dancing, sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging, I will go fishing with you tomorrow.

11. Some expressions are used with gerunds
be busy,
can’t help, have fun,
it’s no use,
it’s not worth
It’s no use telling him to behave!
He doesn’t listen.

12. Summing up Gerunds can be used as Nouns After some verbs (LIST)
After some expressions
After prepositions

13. Infinitive

14. To form infinitives use to + base form of the verb I want to dance
To form negative infinitives use Not + infinitive He decided not to go to the party.

15. Infinitives in the subject position
To live in the United States is my dream
It is my dream to live in the United States.

16. Verbs that take infinitives
Verb + infinitives – agree, ask, appear, beg, decide, choose, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, plan, , promise, seem, tend, wait, want, can afford, would like.
Verb + sm + infinitive – cause, convince, force, invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage

17. Adjectives followed by infinitives
afraid, amazed, anxious, ashamed, careful, delighted, eager, fortunate, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, ready, sad, sorry,

18. In order to / so as to / to… I came here to help you.
Infinitive of purpose
In order to / so as to / to…
I came here to help you.

19. Infinitive with too and enough She is too young to vote
Infinitive with too and enough She is too young to vote. They are old enough to vote.

20. Summing up Infinitives can be used as Subjects After some verbs (LIST)
After adjectives
To show purpose

21. Would like + infinitive
Some verbs can be followed by both gerund or infinitive with no change in meaning. begin, hate, like, start, love, prefer, continue
Would like + infinitive

22. I like cooking. I like to cook when I have some freetime
I like cooking. I like to cook when I have some freetime . She started losing weight. She started to lose weight.

23. Some verbs although they can be used after both gerunds and infinitives have a difference in meaning. remember forget regret stop try

24. He stopped smoking. He stopped to smoke.
PAST
She regretted having hurt his feelings. She regretted to hurt his feelings but she had to say the truth.
FUTURE

25. Different meanings She tried to lose weight but she couldn’t.
Why don’t you try exercising more often?

26. Used to (past memories) Be used to / Get used to (habits)
Used to + infinitive
My granny used to tell me stories.

27. Be used to + gerund Get used to + gerund
I am used to getting up early.
I can’t get used to wearing glasses all the time

28. Sense-perception verbs: hear, listen to feel, smell, see watch, observe, notice are followed by either a bare infinitive (without to) or –ing form with only a slight difference in meaning.

29. Verbs of perception: Infinitives: from start to finish Gerunds: in progress
She said she saw a man climbing up the fence. She said she saw the police arrive, park the car and enter the building.