1. From Versailles to Pearl Harbor Mrs. Pfeifer U.S. History

2. Facts of WWII WWII cost the US $304 billion, the equivalent of more than $3 trillion American industry provided almost two-thirds of all the allied military equipment produced during the war: –290,000 aircraft –193,000 artillery pieces –86,000 tanks –2 million army trucks

3. WWII Facts - Continued In four years, American industrial production, already the world’s largest, doubled in size More than 16 million Americans served in the armed forces during the war. The vast majority never saw serious combat. During the war, 57% of those employed outside the military were women

4. WWII Facts - Continued One million African Americans entered the workforce during the war – 600,000 were women Fifty million Americans watched newsreels every week in one of 14,000 movie theatres “Rosie the Riveter” was the fictionalized persona who represented he millions of women who went into war work.

5. WWII Facts - continued President Roosevelt set up the Office of Censorship right after Pearl Harbor Race-related riots occurred in 47 cities during the war In the three years following the Battle of Midway, the Japanese built six carriers. The US built 17 Japanese Americans comprised 40% of Hawaii’s population when Pearl Harbor was attacked

6. German Economic Collapse 1923-1932 EVENTS Treaty of Versailles caused debt and political instability Weimar Republic failed to deal with problems Economic problems spread across Europe US RESPONSE Isolationism – didn’t join League of Nations Dawes Plan – loaned $ to Germany..but didn’t really help

7. Rise of Adolph Hitler 1923-1932 EVENTS Hitler joins Nazi Party 1921 Munich Uprising 1923- jail- Mein Kampf Chancellor 1932- Fuhrer 1934 military build-up U.S. RESPONSE FDR prez in 1932 FDR’s focus - solve probs of Depression (domestic programs NOT military) focused on disarmament Kellog- Briand Pact – “condemned recourse to war for the solution of international controversies”

8. Fascism in Italy 1923-1945 EVENTS severe economic and political probs Benito Mussolini and Fascist Party – became Prime Minister and emphasized aggressive imperialism –Invaded Ethiopia –Rome-Berlin Axis formed 1936 US RESPONSE Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36 &37 forbade sale of arms or loans to warring nations “moral embargo” on essential goods to Italy - few complied

9. The Spanish Civil War 1936 EVENTS Francisco Franco & Nationalist Party - Hitler and Mussolini supported them Rome-Berlin Axis formed US RESPONSE Lincoln Battalion- 3,000 American volunteers to help kept Neutrality Acts intact, therefore NO HELP

10. Rise of Militarism in Japan 1930 EVENTS Depression caused economic disaster Military takes control Aggression – –1931Manchuria-Japan leaves the League –1937 Rape of Nanjing- 300,000 killed, 20,000 Chinese women raped US RESPONSE Stimson Doctrine - moral lecture targeting Japan’s actions Quarantine Speech- emphasized the need to contain fascist aggression but no military action to back it up

12. Violation and Appeasement 1936-1939 EVENTS 1936 reoccupation of Rhineland, 1938 Austria annexed Sudetenland = Munich Pact Violation of Pact 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact Invasion of Poland – War begins Sept. 1, 1939 US RESPONSE no more Neutrality Acts cash and carry – must buy American goods and transport it themselves 1940 peacetime draft

13. US Support of Britain EVENTS Britain isolated by 1940 Atlantic Charter- Winston Churchill and FDR draw up war aims US RESPONSE Lend-lease Act 1941 –transfer military equipment to nations whose defense was considered vital to US –“arsenal of democracy” German attacks on US destroyers – used convoy system and eventually armed merchant ships

14. Japanese Aggression Continues Territorial expansion- threatened US supplies of natural resources Hideki Tojo - Prime Minister 1941 = continued aggression offered to negotiate but secretly planned attack EMBARGO!!! –Stopped exporting oil, rubber, steel and etc. –Japan desperately needed these items to wage war –Froze Japanese assests in American banks –Sent loans and other aid to China moved Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor

16. Japan Attacks!!!! Japanese attack was not unexpected secret attack led by Tojo Pearl Harbor was destroyed on Dec 7, 1941 –sank/badly damaged 8 American battleships –damaged 10 others –188 planes destroyed –2300 Americans killed –3 aircraft carriers were saved by being ouside the harbor

21. Navy sailor, Dorie Miller, a ship’s cook, manned an antiaircraft gun during the attack on Pearl Harbor. He shot down four enemy planes.

22. Outcome of the Attack By attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese hoped to destroy the US Pacific Fleet. Although the Japanese inflicted major damage, they failed to destroy the fuel depot that served the fleet. They also failed to sink any aircraft carriers, which were not in Pearl Harbor at the time. The next day, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the US