1. UNIT 6. SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM
Reflect and analyze some sociolinguistic concepts.
Value multilingual education and the need for educating students.
Reflect on the global linguistic diversity
Sensitize students on the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom.

2. LESSON PLAN INITIAL QUESTIONNAIRE AND DISCUSSION LINGUISTIC VARIATION
TASKS 1 AND 2
TEACHER’S SPEECH
TASKS 3 TO 7
STANDARD ENGLISH. ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
TASKS 10 AND 11
LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY
TASKS 12 AND 8
THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN PLURILINGUAL EDUCATION
READING
HOMEWORK
TASKS 9 AND 14
FINAL TASK

3. LINGUISTIC VARIATION INITIAL QUESTIONNAIRE
TASK 1: READING AND DISCUSSION
TASK 2: FORMAL AND INFORMAL GREETINGS

4. LINGUISTIC VARIATION
COMMUNICATION: To transmit a coded information that can be understood by the person to whom is directed to.
CODE: a set of rules or laws agreed by all members of a community.
LANGUAGE:
is the code that contains the rules to express ourselves.
An abstract object
Social and essential
SPEECH: Individual and accidental
RULE: modifications on the code that become normal

5. LINGUISTIC VARIATION
DIALECT: any variation that a language presents. It has to do with lexical, grammatical and phonetic differences between different language varieties.
Variations in time
Variations in space
Variations between the spoken and the written.
Variations in the medium used
Variations according to social strata
Variations in specialised discourse
Variations caused by language games, humour and irony, collective or individual creativity, the work of literacy creation which are part of the written, audio(visual) and sound landscape of everyday life.
“There is no homogenous or uniform language”

6. FACTORS OF VARIATION
DIALECTAL VARIATION: Related to the speakers’ characteristics
Sex
Age
Geographical origin
Social and cultural level …
REGISTERS: Depending on the characteristics of the situation:
Degree of familiarity between interlocutors
Intentionality
Subject
Communication environment

7. Geographical variation: Constitutive dialects http://www. youtube
The river Humber marks the linguistic distinction
SOUTH:
English English
Cockney
West country dialect (Mummerset)
THE MIDLANDS
Brummie
EAST ANGLIA DIALECTS
NORTHERN
Yorkshire Geordie
Lancashire Pitmatic
Cumbrian Mackem
Scouse
FOOT-STRUT split: northern dialects don’t have /ʌ / as separate vowel. There is no difference in pronunciation between foot and strut.

8. Geographical variation: Consecutive dialects
English as official language
In Canada
In South-Africa
In New Zealand
In Philippines
In India
English the major spoken language but not the official
In the States
In Australia
Other speaking states:
EUROPE: Malta, Ireland
AFRICA: Botswana, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
AMERICA: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago,
ASIA: Pakistan, Singapore,
OCEANIA: Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,

9. SOCIAL VARIATION
According to the speaker’s social group or sociocultural state, very distinctive variations among speakers of one language can be produced.
SLANG: is a quite restricted set of new words and new meanings of older words, mixed with linguistic items with a much larger social distribution.
JARGON: is a set of vocabulary items used by members of particular professions, that is their technical terms

10. TEMPORAL VARIATION Old English: from 5th Century to 11th Century
Middle English: from 11th Century to 15th
Modern English: from 16th Century to 19th.
Contemporary: from 19th Century till now

11. LINGUISTIC VARIATION
TASK 3: SLANGUNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\Hugh Laurie the British accent vs the American.flv
TASK 4: SLANG
TASK 5: REGIONAL ACCENTSUNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\Regional Accent BBC News Interview - Jo Cameron.flv
TASK 6: DAVID CRYSTAL AND INTERNETUNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\David Crystal - How is the internet changing language today.flv
TASK 7: TEXTINGUNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\Texting.flv

12. Stylistic variation: The Registers
Language is always adapting to the different situations in which we are
REGISTERS:
Formal: with specific vocabulary (monosemic words) and for very specific situations. Non spontaneous language.
Standard: supradialectal, referential, uniform language that serves the communication needs of a modern linguistic society. Academic and mass-media use.
Informal: Colloquial, spontaneous language
There are five variables that determine the register (Halliday, 1964)
Field: The subject matter of the discourse
Tenor: The participants and their relationships
Mode: The channel of communication (spoken or written)
Context: place, situation
Function: the aim of communication

13. Standard English and RP
Derived from the south-eastern triangle around London.
Regarded as the most perfect and accurate variety.
Closely linked with RP (Received Pronunciation, non-rotic nature) an upper-class accent.
Taught in public schools since 19th Century.
Known as The Queen’s English or BBC English.
Employed by those who have received a good education.
Oxford and Cambridge publish the norm (grammar books, dictionaries, etc)
Is a result of a dialect levelling: when speakers of different dialects come into regular contact with each other and lose some of the linguistic features of their dialect that are not widely shared with the others (Graddol et al. 2007)
American Standard English:

14. ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
TASK 10: group discussion
TASK 11: DAVID CRYSTAL
UNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\Global English with David Crystal.flv
UNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\David Crystal - Which English.flv
UNIT_ 6_SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND MULTICULTURALISM\David Crystal - Should English be taught as a 'global' language.flv

15. ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA
Lingua Franca (global language): a way of communication between speakers of different first languages.
English is a universal language employed in science investigation, trading, political communication between countries, tourism, international aviation, etc.
English has a special role of intercommunication recognised in every country.
It is the first spoken language in the world.
It is taught as the chief foreign language in the vast majority of countries.
It is a powerful language because it is spoken in powerful countries (politically, scientifically, economically, culturally, military, etc)
The most important thing teaching English as Lingua Franca is comprehension more than production.

16. LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY

17. LANGUAGES IN CONTACT TASK 12: READING AND DISCUSSION
TASK 8: TRUE OR FALSE TEST

18. BILINGUALISM AND DIGLOSSIA
Individual bilingualism: when a speaker is able to speak in two languages at the same level. That is an utopian situation that does not exist in reality.
Territorial bilingualism: when there are two territories historically differentiated from a linguistic point of view.
Social bilingualism: when a person uses a language or another and the choice does not depend on the personal situation or the territory where she/He lives, but on which social groups is society divided.
DIGLOSSIA
When languages (or varieties of one language) are chosen depending on the formality of the situation and the intimacy with the interlocutor. The informal variety is the first language for most people. The formal variety is more standardized and has to be learnt during childhood, which entails that people with better access to the education system will have better knowledge of the formal variety. This knowledge is a prerequisite for social mobility, i.e. access to all spheres of public life.

19. PLURILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION
We are living in a multilingual society, multilingual countries.
Every language is plural with multilple variations
Every school is a space open to plurality of languages and cultures
All education is plurilingual as reflex of a multilingual society
Every identity is plural: contemporary European society cannot be monolithic and unchanging
Goals:
1st Language education as native-like proficiency. English used as Lingua Franca.
2nd Cultural exploration and mediation discovering one’s own culture as well as the cultures of others.
Intercultural communicative competence: knowledge, skills and attitudes
Knowing the self and the other
Knowing how to relate and interpret meaning
Developing critical awareness
Knowing to discover cultural information
Knowing how to relativise oneself and value the attitudes and beliefs of others.

20. HOMEWORK TASK 9: WRITING (page. 8) TASK 14: INTERNET SEARCH
FINAL TASK: WRITING
Reflect on the presence of students from diverse sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds in our classrooms. Write a text about the importance and mutual benefit of the integration of students’ languages and cultures in the classroom.