Twisted-Pair Copper Cabling

Twisted-Pair Copper Cabling
Industry Standards Review Testing Permanent link, Patch Cords and Channel Links + Reporting and Documentation Please Read ... Valuable Notes Within! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Configurations / Link Models Permanent Link Replaces Basic Link
The Standards Overview: TSB67 to TIA568-B Test Configurations / Link Models Permanent Link Replaces Basic Link Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cabling Standards Around the World
ISO/IEC 11801:2002 IT Generic Cabling for Customer Premises ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard EN50173:2002 Performance Requirements Of Generic Cabling Systems ISO/IEC 11801:2002 International standard for generic cabling. Often quoted by manufacturers offering 15 year warranties to Class F - 600MHz. Cable testing is only defined to Class E 250 MHz/ EN50173 :2002 Considered as the European version of ISO/IEC It Includes issues specific to Europe such as safety and EMC. ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Series The series comes in three parts: ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.1 -Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Ohm Twisted Pair Cabling Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.3 - Optical Fiber Standards These standards incorporate and refine the technical content of: TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72 TIA/EIA TSB75 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-1 - Delay & Delay Skew ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-2 - Misc. changes ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-3 - Hybrid and Bundled Cables ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-4 - Patch Cords ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-5 - Category 5e TIA/EIA/IS-729 – Technical Specifications for 100 Ohm Screened Twisted-Pair Cabling These are the addendums added since the original publication of the now obsolete ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-A in 1995. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cabling Certification & Maintenance
Primary functions of Cabling Test Equipment Certify & Document for proof of performance to Industry Standards. US, European or other Region specifications for structured cabling standards IEEE physical media performance requirements for specified data rate & Bit Error Rate. Maintenance/Service Moves, Adds, Changes and troubleshooting Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The Traditional Two Wire-Pair System
The basis for the Cat 5 testing philosophy Transmit Receive Workstation Transmit Receive LAN Equipment Signal In order to understand which test parameters should be tested or the reason for a certain selection of parameters we can revisit the model that was underlying the performance specifications for Cat 5. In all of the older network applications -- we can now call them legacy systems -- the underlying transmission model made the assumption that all wire pairs were to be used in one direction (half duplex). Typically only two wire pairs were needed to establish a connection. The graphic in this slides shows that each wire pair is used in one direction. This model applies to Ethernet (10BASE-T or 100BASE-T), Token Ring, ATM 155 and just about everything else that may now be obsolete. If we speak about a full duplex Ethernet switch we indicate that the switch can receive and transmit at the same time but the physical layer and the use of the cable pairs remains as indicated in this slide. We will use this model to explain the selection of the Cat 5 test parameters in a little bit. First, we want to indicate what is changing in the basic assumptions about how we want to test a four pair copper cabling link. Signal Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The category 5 “system” Transmit Receive
Signal strength: measured by “Attenuation” Noise: Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT) Transmit Receive Workstation LAN Equipment Signal NEXT This slide shows the traditional ACR as the indicator for signal-to-noise ratio. Consider the Receiver Input of the Workstation. The desired signal of the Receiver Input is the attenuated signal from the remote end. The undesired signal is the NEXT from its own Transmit Output. On top of the NEXT, the Receiver may be also have to distinguish externally induced crosstalk or other noise sources such as electromagnetic interference (EMI). In most data cabling situations in premise wiring, this external crosstalk/noise is negligible compared to the noise created by the adjacent wire pairs in the cable (difference of one order of magnitude). The Signal-to-Noise Ratio is the linear ratio of attenuated signal voltage and NEXT voltage. If both quantities are measured in dB, the linear ratio corresponds to a subtraction of the dB values for attenuation and NEXT. ACR is simply the difference of NEXT and attenuation, when both are expressed in positive numbers in dB. Sophisticated electronic circuitry in the physical layer such as DSP processing may be able to reduce the impact of crosstalk and improve the ACR-defined bandwidth of the cable. 1000BASE-T is the first commercial network application to utilize these powerful cancellation techniques. The NEXT cancellation technique had to be implemented in electronic circuitry to be able to reliably use Gigabit Ethernet with the NEXT performance definition of Cat 5. Gigabit Ethernet uses the full duplex transmission technique on all wire pairs and ACR is no longer the only figure of merit for the assessment of bandwidth. The next slide will further explore the impact of other noise sources in the cabling link. Attenuated Signal Signal Signal-to-noise ratio: Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Legacy Field Test Parameters TSB-67 Transmission Performance Specifications
Wire Map Length Propagation Delay Delay Skew Attenuation Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) TSB-67 (Released 10-95) requires that only these four parameters (characteristics) be tested for a UTP cabling link. This is based on the prevalent legacy applications available at that time(shown in the first slide). In the next slides we will discuss how new applications, particularly 1000BASE-T (gigabit Ethernet), has demanded new test specifications because of its much more complex transmission scheme. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The “New” Transmission Model
Four wire pairs – Full duplex on each pair Workstation Horizontal Cabling Switch In the modern world of Gigabit Ethernet, we now utilize all four pairs with each pair operating in full duplex. This advancement results in the addition of several more test parameters to assure compliance with the application. Example: Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Multiple Pair Transmission
Attenuation (signal loss) and FEXT (internal noise) are the key measurement parameters Workstation LAN Hub Transmit (Output) Receive Input (Input) Signal 2 Signal 1 FEXT This slide shows the impact of crosstalk when more than 1 signal in the cable is transmitted in the same direction and at the same time. 1000Base-T uses four pairs transmitting simultaneously in either direction, but for now lets use this simplified diagram using two pairs to illustrate FEXT or Far End Cross Talk Signal 1 and Signal 2 travel from the workstation to the LAN Hub. Signal 2 couples into signal 1’s wire pair along the length of the link, and causes noise at it’s receiver. (Likewise, Signal 1 couples into the wire-pair of signal 2.) At the LAN Hub for Signal 1 receiver, the desired signal is the attenuated output from the workstation. The undesired signal is the crosstalk coming from Signal 2 wire pair. This is crosstalk introduced from the FAR END or Far End Cross Talk. Again, using the telephone call analogy, if you have ever heard another conversation on the line, you have experienced cross talk. With 100Base-T, this is not a concern as only two pairs are used. One sending one way, one sending in the other direction. This is a concern for 1000Base-T as it uses all four pairs. Example: 1000BASE-T: (4 pairs are used.) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Affects of all 3 disturbing pairs = Power Sum
Power Sum ELFEXT Signal ELFEXT (signal difference in dB) FEXT PSELFEXT ELFEXT is simply the difference between the FEXT signal and the attenuated signal at the receiver. ELFEXT is simply how much the FEXT signal is present compared to the attenuated signal. ELFEXT = FEXT - attenuation and is an indicator of the signal to noise ratio a 100Base-T receiver can expect. ELFEXT is like ACR: ACR = NEXT - attenuation and was an indicator of the signal to noise ratio a 100Base-T receiver could expect. Generally, the requirements related to FEXT will be stated in terms of ELFEXT. ELFEXT stands for “Equal Level Far End Crosstalk”. The words “Equal Level” are used to indicate that all FEXT signals are to be considered with the same attenuation. No matter where a crosstalk contribution occurs in the link, it is always attenuated by roughly the same amount. Cross-talk from multiple pair or “disturbers” results in performance requirements in terms of “Power Sum”. Attenuation Affects of all 3 disturbing pairs = Power Sum Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Full Duplex Transmission
Return Loss adds disturbance System A Transmit Receive Signal A to B System B Receive Transmit Signal B to A Directional Coupler Full duplex transmission is “bi-directional” similar to a typical telephone conversation. You and the other party can speak at once, yet hear each other’s words. This is due to a circuit in the telephone called a “hybrid” that reduces the volume of your own voice by canceling the signal it knows is being sent from your microphone. However, if there is a problem on the line and your voice bounces back, the volume of your return voice is not reduced and you may not clearly hear what the other party is saying. This is called a “reflection” and is caused by an impedance mismatch along the way. The further away the mismatch, the longer the period of the delay in your voice being heard. These reflections caused by impedance mismatches are only a concern with full-duplex transmission. 100Base-T on the other hand is a one way or half-duplex transmission scheme and does not suffer from reflections as there is no receiver connected to the transmitter as is illustrated in the diagram. Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end. Noise = reflected signal on same wire pair. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cat 5e and Cat 6 Test Parameters
Cat 5e is specified and tested from 1 to 100 MHz Cat 6 is specified and tested from 1 to 250 MHz Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B 568-B.1 568-B.2 568-B.3 TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72
Main Document System Design specification Copper – Components Fiber – Components 568-B.1 568-B.2 568-B.3 TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72 TIA/EIA TSB75 TIA/EIA TSB95 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑1 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑2 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑3 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑4 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑5 TIA/EIA/IS‑729 All the addenda to TIA-568-A have either been incorporated in the “B” revision or they have been obsoleted. Also, note that the “B” revision has been organized in three volumes. Volume 1 deals with the overall design of a cabling distribution system and includes the link level performance specifications for Cat 5e. An addendum 1 will specify the link level performance of Cat 6. The link level specifications in the standards have not changed appreciably over the last 4 to 5 revisions. The component level specification for copper (TIA-568-B.2) have been the primary focus of the standards activities during the most recent 18 months. Approved March 2001 Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Changes in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B
Specifies Cat 3 and Cat 5e balanced 100  cabling All references to “Cat 5” such as TSB67 and TSB95 are collected in Annex D (informative) Incorporates all addenda to TIA-568-A TSB67, TSB72, TSB75, TSB95 The “Permanent Link” has replaced the “Basic Link” as the field test configuration Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Category 6 Standard TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 (Addendum 1) approved June 2002
The last challenge: Fine tune the performance specification of the Cat 6 connecting hardware Component measurement methodology Plug characterization: amplitude and phase specification of NEXT disturbance signals Fluke Networks has actively contributed to standards R&D efforts Goal: achieve interoperability (as well as backwards compatibility) Note that one of the challenges in developing the standard for component is to device a reliable and repeatable method to measure the component by itself. That has never been a real problem for the cable but it turned out to be a challenge for the plug and for the jack. Once a reliable method has been developed to measure and characterize a component, we can specify in the standard the desired value for each of the parameters for that component. Fluke Networks has actively contributed in the development of laboratory measurement techniques. When all manufacturers adhere to a common specification for plug and a common specification for jacks, the users can select any combination of compliant plug and jacks and the mated performance should meet the specifications for the mated performance specified in the standard. This is a necessary step to achieve an open architecture of interoperability. Of course, to pass the permanent link or channel test, all other elements in the installation must comply with the standards including the expected quality of workmanship. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Connecting Hardware NEXT Performance
Desired Mated NEXT performance for Cat 6 Cat pin Modular Plug Cat pin Modular Jack Cat 6 Mated Connection During the time that Cat 6 was in development and the exact specifications for the plug and jack had not yet been studied or defined, individual manufacturers designed a mated connection that may have been close to the desired level of transmission performance. But plugs from different manufacturers were electrically speaking different. Jacks must always be designed to compensate for the short-comings of the plugs -- jack designs from different manufacturers applied different compensations. Therefore, connecting hardware did not generally exhibit interoperability. The completion of the Cat 6 standards includes a precise definition of the plug and jack. Plugs and jacks designed to those specification will meet the mated performance requirements and will also deliver interoperability. Please, note that there is no such thing as a “Universal” Cat 6 plug. Once all manufacturers’ connecting hardware complies with the standard we may speak of a universal plug but only because then all hardware is designed to the same performance specifications. Will we have truly interoperability? In theory, that should be possible. Better The standard leads to “Interoperability” Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

“Backward” Compatibility
Desired Mated NEXT performance for Cat 6 Connecting Hardware Cat pin Modular Plug Cat pin Modular Jack Desired Mated NEXT performance for Cat 5e Connecting Hardware Cat 5e 8-pin Modular Plug Cat 5e 8-pin Modular Jack The point is that the standard Cat 6 plug has been defined “close enough” to the Cat 5e plug such that a Cat 6 patch cord (read Cat 6 plug) delivers at least Cat 5e channel performance when plugged into a Cat 5e patch panel or telecommunication outlet. Also, note that the standard Cat 6 plug moved to the left on this scale. That is to say, the NEXT Loss performance specification of the Cat 6 plug has been lowered with reference to many of the “early” proprietary Cat 6 designs. The Cat 6 jack must provide the adequate compensation to bring the mated NEXT into the desired range. Too much or too little compensation applied by the Cat 6 jack will place the mated NEXT outside of the desired range (=fails the Cat 6 mated NEXT performance). Better Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Importance of Tester Adapter Ensure link readiness for applications
Field Test Procedures “Test Model” options Importance of Tester Adapter Ensure link readiness for applications Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

An installed “Cabling Link”
HUB or SWITCH CP * TO PATCH CORD Cross-connect Panel HORIZONTAL CABLE This model explains the four connector model of the channel. This is also referred to as the worst case channel configuration. Recall that each connector introduces a relatively high amount of crosstalk into the link. Cable produces a little bit of crosstalk every inch along the way. Connectors combined with the wire terminations introduce a much higher amount of crosstalk in a short distance (~ 1 inch). Connectors also introduce a higher amount of Return Loss than the cable itself because of the impedance change between the twisted wire-pair and the electrical leads through the connector. If more connectors are introduced into a link -- all other factors remaining constant such as workmanship of termination, etc..-- both NEXT Loss and Return Loss will fare worse. The standards define the component specs (cable and connecting hardware) and the Channel link specs such that compliant elements properly installed yield a passing four connector channel. Many actual channels contain only two or three connecting points. The cross-connect depicted in this picture may then replaced by an interconnect; the patch cord connects directly from the interconnect into the Hub or Switch. Equally on the other end of the link the optional Consolidation Point (CP) may not be implemented. The horizontal cable runs directly and uninterrupted from the interconnect panel to the telecommunication outlet in the work area. Such a two connector channel should provide better performance than a four connector implementation. PATCH CORD WORKSTATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM WORK AREA * Consolidation Point (Optional) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM
Testing the “Channel” CP * TO PATCH CORD Cross-connect Panel HORIZONTAL CABLE When applying the Channel test limits, the patch cords of the installed channel link remain in the “loop”. In order to test the channel, unplug the patch cords from the electronic devices and plug those same patch cords in to the tester equipped with “Channel Adapters.” PATCH CORD WORKSTATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM WORK AREA * Consolidation Point (Optional) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cat 6 Channel Testing Tester must exclude connection in the adapters from the measured values All the DSP-4X00 series use a time domain measurement techniques that incorporates “Connector Compensation” and RC2 technology to accomplish these adjustments RC2 (remote connector compensation) technology is a proprietary Fluke Networks DSP technique for eliminating Channel measurement crosstalk error due to the reflections that occur in links less than 60 meters in length. This unique technology allows the most accurate channel measurements in the industry! The DSP-4300 is shipped with the RC2 technology already installed. For current DSP-4000 and 4100 owners, simply download the newest version of firmware off the web. This software will add RC2 technology to the existing units and enable them for Cat 6 channel testing utilizing the existing channel heads (no new hardware is necessary.) RC2 = Remote Connector Compensation Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Testing the “Permanent Link”
Test results do not include contributions by the tester patch cables CP * TO TESTER PATCH CABLE HORIZONTAL CABLE TESTER PATCH CABLE The permanent link is defined as the “cabling in the walls”. That portion of the cabling system that you assume will not be modified very often and that stays behind in the building if you decide to move out. More comments are added to the next slides. WORK AREA * Consolidation Point (Optional) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

We used to test the Basic Link
The Basic Link starts and ends at the tester itself It includes the adapter cords Includes Tester Adapter Cords Patch Panel T O 90+4 meter (308 ft) max Basic Link Telecommunication Room Work Area Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The Basic Link is Obsolete
The Permanent Link model replaces the Basic Link in all the standards Includes Tester Adapter Cords Patch Panel T O 90+4 meter (308 ft) max Basic Link Telecommunication Room Work Area Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

A detailed look at the Permanent Link
The Permanent portion of the cabling link it does not include the adapter cords Does NOT include Tester Adapter Cords Permanent Link Consolidation Point (optional) Telecommunication Room Work Area Patch Panel T O Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Why the “permanent link”?
The true “foundation” – cabling that is permanent and part of building infrastructure Network equipment, patch cables and equipment cables are changed many times during the life of the the cabling infrastructure Provide guarantee that the ‘Channel’ (permanent link plus patch cables) meets the network application requirements The reason to emphasize the permanent link model for testing is the fact that the tester patch cable or tester interface cable can and will make an undesirable contribution to the measurement results as we will explain in this presentation. Special precautions in test equipment design and test algorithms must be implemented. Furthermore, the basic idea and major benefit of this test evaluation is that after the “permanent link” meets the specified requirements the user can add “good” patch cords and be guaranteed that the end-to-end link will meet the channel specs. “Good patch cords” means patch cords that pass the category performance specifications as outlined in the TIA Standards. During the lifecycle of a cabling system, patch cords may be changed or exchanged many times while the permanent link belongs to the building “infrastructure”. Changing/updating the infrastructure is a much more expensive operation. The permanent link model in the standards implements the philosophy that the infrastructure must be verified to the appropriate level of performance by itself. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Difference in Performance Specification
Test limits for the Permanent Link are defined such that adding “good” patch and equipment cords yield the channel performance Patch cords’ effect on channel performance: The mating performance of connecting hardware (primarily NEXT) The performance of patch and equipment cords: Attenuation (max. 10 meters) Return Loss The word “Difference” in this slides points to the difference in pass/fail limits between the permanent link and the channel and also to the difference in the test model . The permanent link model (PL) measures the link NEXT right at the mated plug/jack. At this point the contribution to the test results by this mated connection is maximum. Anytime a patch cord with any length is added the NEXT contribution from this mated connection is subject to attenuation. Therefore, the PL model is a worst case analysis of the installed link. Furthermore, the PL model establishes tougher performance limits. This worst case analysis provides some very strong assurances. If the link installed from the termination in the telecommunication room (TR) to the telecommunications outlet (TO) in the work area passes the established permanent link test limits, the end-user can add qualified patch cords with the assurance that the channel performance is met. In other words, the channel should not need to be (re)-tested every time the patch cords are exchanged as long as good patch cords are used. It is noteworthy that patch cords exert a very significant influence on the performance of the channel. Indeed good patch cords are of critical importance to the performance of the channel. If the channel meets the requirements, the network communication will be reliable and error free. We will discuss the main sources of variability for the two test parameters that are so affected: NEXT and RL. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

NEXT Variability: in connections
Variability of the mated NEXT of the patch cord plug • with the patch panel jack • with the telecom outlet End of permanent link Beginning of permanent link The definition of the permanent link is NOT ideal as far as taking all variability totally out of test results. As already stated, the mated connection at the patch panel and at the telecommunication wall outlet in the work area are included in the permanent link model. The permanent link is bound by these mated connections as indicated in the schematic representation in the slide. The variability in the NEXT measurement is primarily due to the connectors. Modular 8-pin connecting hardware is specified in a mated condition only. Of course there are test procedures for individual components of connecting hardware. The test interface adapter has one specific plug at its end; this plug exhibits properties that uniquely define this adapter. These properties slightly vary from plug to plug and therefore from adapter to adapter. And to some degree, the measured results depend a little on the specific adapter that is used. In fact the measured NEXT results of a link will change when the adapters at the local and remote end of the link are exchanged. This is unavoidable. For NEXT loss, you can theoretically find a difference of 2 dB at the pass/fail limit of a category 5e connector pair. This same characteristic is also exhibited by the patch cords you will use to construct channels. Each patch cord has slightly different NEXT characteristics and the resulting link will show different NEXT values. But this is precisely the reason that the NEXT pass/fail limits for the permanent link are about 2 dB tighter than those for the channel. This difference in performance requirements of the different link models provides the margin that offers the assurance of future channel compliance. That is to say, if the permanent link passes the NEXT tests and later you connect good patch cords to construct a channel, you have a very high degree of confidence that this channel will pass the channel limits and deliver reliable transmission for the network. The NEXT variability we have discussed results primarily from the NEXT variability in the mated connection. The plug at the end of the adapter is the test “reference”. The PL test model renders worst case NEXT test ! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The Fluke Networks Solution: The Permanent Link Adapter
A rugged, high-performance link interface adapter for the DSP-4X00 and OMNIScanner2 Very accurately measures the performance of an installed twisted-pair cabling system Fluke Network’s has developed a new Permanent Link Adapter for the DSP-4X00 series. While the permanent link test method has been around in Europe for several years, the “old” solution involved utilizing the standard basic link adapter as the permanent link. The tester used a complex mathematical model in an attempt to make this launch cable invisible. However, this model is valid over time only if the cable is stable. Although the “old” screened twisted pair cable has stable attenuation and crosstalk behavior, it still has significant return loss degradation of 3 dB or more over time! Thus, the “invisible” screened twisted pair solution may start out “invisible”, but over time several dB of return loss will creep into the testing headroom. This will result in “False Failures”. Fluke Networks is the first and only manufacturer to introduce a new solution for the permanent link -- a virtually perfect cable! No other test manufacturer can make that statement; they are still using the same old screened twisted pair solution. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

PLA Solution for NEXT Implement the solution to test the Permanent Link You need only one set of interface adapters and a few sets of Personality Modules The removable 8-pin plug can be replaced with different “Personality Modules” Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

PM06 Cat 6 “center definition” for all wire pairs Universal solution
shielded plug to test UTP and ScTP systems Limit the variability between PMs Increase repeatability (perceived accuracy) Provides optimum result with compliant jack Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

A revolutionary plug design
Implemented without cable termination and variability Favorite of installer: Snag-free clip Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Return Loss Variability: Patch cable!
Variability from the patch cable at the beginning at the end End of permanent link Beginning of permanent link Variability in the Return Loss measurement is primarily due to the contribution made by the cable in the tester’s interface adapter. The permanent link definition specifically excludes the cable portion of any tester interface adapter. This was easily accomplished for all test parameters but is going to be a special challenge in the measurement of return loss. The cable can indeed have an influence on the NEXT outcome and vice versa the connector can have an influence on the Return Loss measurement but usually these influences are minor. The amount of NEXT loss in a short section of cable relative to the overall NEXT loss that may occur in a link is insignificant. Most tester manufacturers have used very high quality patch cable material to construct the tester interface adapters. Fluke Networks has used the so-called Cat 7 or Pair in Metal Foil (PiMF) cable type for the DSP-4000 Series interface adapters. These cable types generate very little crosstalk. The opposite is true for the return loss performance of twisted pair cable regardless how good the crosstalk performance may be. The return loss effect, particularly in (flexible) patch cable is extremely significant. In fact, bending and twisting the cable connecting your tester to the link under test can easily change a pass condition to a fail condition or vice-versa. If we want to obtain consistency in the measurement results of return Loss new solutions must be explored. We will explain Return Loss in a little more detail in order to explain why twisted pair interface cables will never meet the tough requirements to measure Return Loss with superior accuracy in accordance with the new standards (permanent link model). Patch cable has significant impact on Return loss! This variability is avoided with the permanent link! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The (UN)Predictable Effect of RL
A “False” Failure This slide illustrates the negative effect that Return Loss degradation can have on your ability to pass or fail a cable test. The green line represents a basic link test cable that is relatively new. This cable passes a sample test link with 0.6 dB of headroom. However, as this cable ages and is coiled / uncoiled over time, the return loss characteristics of the twisted pair cable continues to get worse. Eventually, this basic link cable has reached the point where the same cable run that passed before will now fail (as shown by the red curve)! This decay in return loss performance over time will happen with any twisted pair cable … it doesn’t matter whether it is being used in a basic link or a permanent link test configuration! In either case, the twisted pair test cable degrades at least 2 to 3 dB over time, resulting in “false failures” (i.e., a failure that should have been a pass). This failure is truly due to the (undesirable) effect of the twisted pair test cords. The failing outcome does not reflect the state of the link-under-test, but is the result of the measurement method. 0.6 dB PASS 0.4 dB FAIL OR ? Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP/OMNI-LIA101S Permanent Link Adapters
568-B compliant testing for Cat 3, 5e, 6 UTP systems Patent pending ruggedized precision cable increases measurement accuracy Removable plug module allows flexible change out to various plug types Field Calibration module available for added accuracy The first tester to offer a true standards compliant Cat 6 plug ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE OMNISCANNER2!!! The Permanent Link Adapter system uses a patent pending precision cable design with a removable plug module assembly that can accommodate customizes versions as required by cabling system vendors. The accuracy level of the DSP-4X00 series Digital Cable Analyzer is improved significantly with the Permanent Link Adapter system as the variances with traditional stranded UTP found in tester connecting cords is no longer a factor. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Permanent Link - What’s in it for me?
No “false fails” due to cable degradation Higher accuracy Ruggedized patch cord (longer life) Simplified Category 6 testing Reduced number of proprietary adapters Complies to ISO/IEC 11801, EN50173 and TIA-568-B.1 standard Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP- 4X00 Series Cable Analyzer
Product Overview Review with the class the basic components and operation of the DSP-4300. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

The DSP-4x00 Series includes:
Main Unit and Smart Remote NiMH battery packs AC adapter/chargers Cat 5/5e Basic Links (4000) Cat 5/5e/6 Permanent Links (4000PL/4300) Cat 5/5e/6 Channel Adapters Talk Sets Carrying straps RS-232 Serial Cable more... Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP-4x00 Series accessories
Permanent Link Adapter Kit (std w/ 4000PL/4300) Cat 5, 5e, 6 Channel Test / Network Monitor Adapter (std w/ 4300) Fiber Test Adapters MM 850/ LED Source SM 1310/ FP Laser Gbit 850/ VCSEL/FP SFF Fiber test adapter kits Battery Charger Tone probe 32 MB Memory Card “Gold” Support Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

UL Independent Verification
Fluke Networks DSP-4X00 series is the only family of cable testers to achieve UL independent verification for compliance with the latest standards. DSP-4X00 series units exceed Level III accuracy limits. Bottom Line -- You can trust Fluke Networks. Fluke Networks is the only organization to achieve UL Verification for compliance with the latest standards. The DSP-4X00 Series of Digital Cable Analyzers is the industry's first UL verified line of field test instruments to meet the accuracy requirements contained in TIA/EIA 568-B.2-1 and draft Addendum #1 to TIA/EIA-B.1 for Category 6 Cabling Accuracy is critical to business and an accurate tester will save you valuable time while delivering confidence in the network performance that the end user expects. Knowing that your DSP-4000 Series field tester exceeds Level III accuracy requirements, guarantees that it will do its job flawlessly and accurately The DSP-4X00 Series was tested and found to exceed Level III accuracy limits as specified in the current standards for Cat 5e and Cat 6 cable certification Confusing standards and changing technology make your job hard enough without asking you to interpret conflicting vendor information. With testing requirements like Cat 6 shrinking the margin of error, Fluke Networks can offer you independent verification for added protection when selecting a tester. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP-4000 Series Selection Guide
Notes for the Selection Guide: The “Standard DSP Package” includes the main and remote DSP units, DSP calibration module, rechargeable NiMH battery packs, AC adapters/chargers, LinkWare software, talk sets, RS-232 serial cable, 8-pin modular to BNC adapter, instrument carrying straps, rugged soft sided storage bag, users Information CD-ROM, users Getting Started Guide, warranty registration card. The DSP-4100 is being phased out of production on 12/31/01. The DSP-4300 is the direct replacement for this unit. The DSP-4000PL is simply the DSP-4000 kit with permanent link adapters (DSP-LIA101S) instead of the Cat 5E basic link adapters (DSP-LIA011). Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Copper Testing & Certification
Hands-On Time! Now the fun begins! This section covers: Performing a self calibration Selecting a category 5E test Running and passing the test Viewing test results Saving the test Test Results Management (Memory Card, Cable Manager) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Equipment - Ready for Use
Before going into the field Charge & verify battery levels Review performance testing specs for install Gather appropriate test adapters & accessories Setup unit with proper test and report identification Run Self Test Inspect test adapters Bring extra Memory Cards (if needed) Ongoing Maintenance Load latest firmware upgrade(s) Self Calibrate (once per month) Self Test (as needed) Calibrate Permanent Link Adapters to Main / Remote (optional for added accuracy -- once every six months) Factory calibration (yearly) Visit for latest revisions of DSP firmware and LinkWare™ Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Controls & Functions - Main unit
Removable Test Adapters (slide lock on back) Direction keys Exit Current Mode Soft keys Display Light & Wake Up Headset Jack Serial Port Charge L.E.D Power Jack Show Fault Soft Key Designation Talk On / Off Rotary Switch Begin test Save reports Select/Enter Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Controls & Functions - Remote unit
Removable Test Adapters (slide lock on back) Status Indications Test Pass Test in Progress Test Fail Talk set active Low Battery Headset Jack Serial Port Charge L.E.D Power Jack Status Indicators Talk On/Off Rotary Switch Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Let’s begin ... Turn the DSP to AUTOTEST Current Software Ver:
Verify the firmware is the latest version Current Software Ver: DSP-4000 is 3.912 DSP-4100 is 4.912 DSP-4300 is 1.912 Current Standards Ver: 5.12 for all units This “start-up” screen can also be viewed by rotating the knob to special functions and selecting “version information”. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Self Calibration Rotate dial to Special Functions
Highlight “Self Calibration” Press ENTER and then TEST Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Now Setup the test 1 2 3 Easy as 1-2-3 Turn to “SETUP”
Select the correct “link” and cable type 1 At this point have them configure the tester: Highlight Test Standard, Cable Type and press CHOICE or ENTER. Highlight TIA Cat 5e Permanent Link (will need to use the permanent link adapters) and press ENTER. Highlight 100 Ohm UTP and press ENTER. 2 3 Easy as 1-2-3 Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Enter the user and site names
Within SETUP, arrow down to “Report Identification” You can enter up to 20 users and 20 sites. These must be selected prior to the test You can create and save users and sites within LinkWare PC software and upload to the DSP-4000 Series tester Make sure they understand how to select after entry! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Other Setup Options Select / Edit Auto Increment
Plot Data Storage (4100 and 4300 only) Set display time-out Set power down time-out Enable / Disable Audible beeper Select printer type Set serial port baud rate Set serial port flow control Set date Select Date format Set time of day Select time of day format Select length in feet / meters Select number format Select print / display language Select power line noise filter to 50 or 60 Hertz Select impulse noise fault threshold Select marginal pass ( * ) top level indication Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Other Setup Options Marginal Pass
With this feature enabled, the HDTDX diagnostics will run whenever there is a marginal pass Press Button five times to go to Page 6 This will NOT disable the marginal reporting, standards do not permit that. It will run the automated diagnostics on a marginal pass. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Marginal Pass Conditions
Marginal Pass / Fail conditions occur when The measured test data is very close to the pass/fail test limit line Due to the tester accuracy, the test measurement can vary within the marginal pass / fail zone Some cabling warranties will not accept marginal pass test reports Category 5e and in particular category 6 components do not enjoy the same margin found in category 5 components. This is not a poor reflection on the component manufacturers. Category 5e and in particular category 6 specify a much higher level of performance and are extremely difficult to meet. What this means is that from time to time you can expect a small percentage of marginal passes for category 5e installations and a larger percentage of marginal passes for category 6. The percentage depends on a number of factors including performance levels of individual components (cable or connecting hardware), installation practices, and the quality of the test lead. The high performance level and the resulting confusion around marginal passes also applies to Class D and E installations. In 1995 when field-testing for category 5 really started, many of the components were so good that they were some 4 years ahead of their time. They unwittingly already met the future specification of category 5e agreed in Since the components met category 5e requirements, but users were only testing to category 5, marginal passes were rarely seen. There was plenty or margin to ‘play about with’. Many manufacturers who offered a warranted category 5 system actually refused to accept results with marginal passes. As the screen shots above show, there is a reduction is the margin the installer has to play with for category 5e. Anything less than perfect installation practices are more likely to show up now. It is therefore inevitable, that in the real world, some results will be marginal. Standards dictate that any marginal passes are considered the same as a pass and therefore compliant. Question Other testers allow you to disable the ‘*’ – why do you think that is? Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP Setup with LinkWare Software
SETUP is easier to do with LinkWare PC Software To configure and download settings Select Utilities > DSP-4x00 Utilities > DSP Setup. Click New on the Setup tool bar. To change a setup item, click on the + box or double-click on the item; then double click on the selection below the item, or select Items > Properties. Enter a new selection in the Set Item dialog box; then click OK. Use the PC interface cable to connect the tester to the PC. Turn on the tester. To download your SETUP selections to the tester, click on To DSP in the Setup window. To save a tester’s settings on a PC 1. Use the PC interface cable to connect the tester to the PC. Turn on the tester. 2. Select Utilities > DSP-4x00 Utilities > DSP Setup. 3. Click From DSP on the Setup tool bar. 4. Click on Save. 5. In the DSP Setup File dialog box, enter a location and file name for the setup file. Be sure the file name ends with the .set extension. 6. Click on Save. To open an existing setup file on a PC 1. Select Utilities > DSP-4x00 Utilities > DSP Setup. 2. Click Open on the Setup tool bar. 3. Locate and click on a DSP Setup file (.set extension); then click on Open. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Talk all you want! Talk feature allows communication between the main and remote unit Two lightweight talk sets included Talk over both copper and fiber It is extremely difficult to add a talk feature and not affect the accuracy of the measurement. However, with a completely new design inside the DSP-4X00 series we can provide this valuable feature without compromising accuracy. This talk feature works both on copper and fiber. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Setup - Good Link 50’ Grey Cable Loop
Permanent Link Test Adapters Now have the class connect the tester to one grey cable loop in the cable kit using the Cat5e basic link/permanent link adapters. DSP-4X00 Remote Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

AUTOTEST Project Screen
The AUTOTEST project screen displays the test type, plot data selection, memory card status, and battery levels. On the DSP-4300, the unit predicts how many AUTOTESTs can be made with the remaining charge. Exercise Change the standard to TIA Cat 3 Perm. Link. What do you notice now? Why do you think this has changed? ? Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

CAT 5e Cable Certification
WALL OUTLET PATCH PANEL WORK AREA HORIZONTAL CABLE Smart Remote DSP-4X00 Just Push Test! The figure shows an installed basic link as part of an overall premise wiring method as discussed before. The hub has been replaced by the DSP-4X00. The workstation has been replaced by the Smart Remote. How to test a link with the DSP-4X00 Series Cable Analyzer:: First we need to select a standard to compare our measurements against. In this case we want to certify this cable to meet the requirements gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-T). So we choose the test standard ‘TIA CAT 5e Basic Link’. Next we must select the cable type -- in this case it is UTP. Now we are ready to test. We switch to the Autotest function and press the Test button. Autotest will run all of the tests required by the chosen standard. The Smart remote will automatically run the NEXT test from the far end of the cable as required by the standard. The figure shows all of these tests Pass and are within required limits. If there were a failure, the word Fail would be placed next to the specific test that failed. By selecting a particular test and pressing Enter, you can drill down to obtain more details about the test results. The wire map can be viewed graphically, the length and impedance values can be seen and a graphical plot of the NEXT and Attenuation values can be viewed including the limit and actual measured values as a function of frequency. To save this test into memory, we press the Save button and either type in the cable ID number or let the unit auto-increment the ID number. You are now ready for your next Autotest. WIRING CLOSET Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Autotest Results – Pass or Fail?
The key point is the reporting of marginal measurements with an asterisk! If a measurement is closer to the pass/fail limit of the tester than the +/- tolerance of the tester it must be reported as such per TIA specifications. Many cabling manufacturers will not allow *pass measurements as a condition of their extended warranty programs. Some tester manufacturers (not FLUKE!) allow the operator of the tester to turn this feature off. Rhetorically ask the class why do you think they allow that? * Marginal result Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Autotest Results – NEXT Headroom
An indication of the overall quality of the link Headroom is the worst margin of the weakest performing pair Here were are talking about the margin in which the NEXT passed. The DSP looks at all pair combinations (12 in total), and reports the worst performing one. A ‘good’ Cat 5e system should return 5dB or higher. Exercise Go ahead and save the result. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

View and Save Test Results
View Results provides a summary of all tests performed and required by the chosen standard Highlight any test parameter and press ENTER for more information Remember to push “SAVE” The headroom number is of particular interest. Remember that standards define a MINIMUM performance requirement. A simple pass/fail tells you very little about the quality of the link. The headroom number shows how much better the link performs compared to the standard. The larger the number, the better the performance of the link. We derive this number from the worst case NEXT margin (point where measurement is closest to the pass/fail limit form all pair combinations at all frequencies). We use NEXT because it is not affected by the length of the link (only quality of components and quality of installation). Be aware some people refer to ACR (attenuation to crosstalk ratio) as headroom. This is not the same because attenuation is dependent on the length of the link. A short run may give one a false sense of security. We also report length on the results screen. We recognize that some customers specify a maximum length less than 94 meters, the permitted distance. So if a customer specifies 75 meters, a corrective action can be taken immediately. Push the “View Result” button to review individual tests Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops 17

Cable Identification Agree on a labeling scheme
Keep it simple … fewer characters are better Ensure that the name used to save a cable test, matches the printed label on both the patch panel and outlet Look to the ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A Standards for labeling guidelines (LinkWare software can help) With LinkWare, you do not have to store all of the details in the Cable ID, such as building number, floor number etc. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Alliances Yield Documentation Integration
DSP-4300 custom Cable ID lists LinkWare PC Software: generate ID lists Labeling Software: generate or import ID lists Test results directly accessed from LinkWare databases Cable Testers and Test Software Save time; eliminate errors Manage efficiently Meet 606A requirements Cable Management Software (CMS) Labeling Software and Labels Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

How many tests will the DSP-4X00 Series hold in memory?
Test Data Capacity How many tests will the DSP-4X00 Series hold in memory? Category 5: Category 5e: Category 6: 1942 504 2000 DSP DSP-4100 and DSP Summary Summary Graphical “ “ MB card MB card MB 600 300 1200 This slide is self-explanatory. Why is there more test results capacity for Cat 5 than for Cat 5e and Proposed Cat 6? Cat 5e & proposed Cat 6 has more data points to test and report than Cat 5 Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops 17

Test Results Management -- Removable Memory Card
The difference between the DSP-4000 and 4100/4300 Utilizes standard Sandisk MMC’s Standard card - 16 Mbytes Optional card - 32 Mbytes Separate card reader included Keep the DSP in the field Create Custom Reports Co. logo & graphical data plots Eliminate the need to re-test in field Store and transfer every data point with the DSP-4300 Re-certify to a new standard at a later date with Cable Manager Describe the capabilities of the 4300 to allow transport of the test data using a removal memory card. The DSP-4300 primarily utilizes a multimedia card to store test results (Note: internal memory on the 4300 is also enhanced to store tests in case the card is missing). The allows you to store more test results data than the DSP or, alternatively, it allows you to store the complete data set for each “Autotest” including every single measurement point gathered during the link test (this is required for the creation of graphical test reports). The memory cards are reusable. Upon completion of a job or when the card is full, the card can be easily removed from the test tool and dropped off at (or mailed to) the office for processing of the stored test data. A card reader is included with the DSP-4300, which connects to the USB port of your PC. The Fluke Cable Manager Software controls the reader to access the memory card contents. The memory card can be formatted – much like a floppy disk – to be reused in the DSP-4300. These memory cards are readily available on the open market. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Results Management -- LinkWare PC Software
The New Standard for Test Results Documentation DSP-4X00 Series YOU CAN CREATE AND DOWNLOAD CABLE ID’s TO THE DSP-4300!! Create files within LinkWare containing desired Cable Ids: Improved alpha-numeric capability (ex. 1A through 10D) Up to 253 Cable IDs per file Up to 8 files per Multimedia Card ID files reside on the Multimedia Memory Card The re-certify feature within LinkWare allows the user to take existing graphical tests (i.e., tests with plot data) and re-certify that data against a new test standard. If desired, this feature gives the owner the ability to qualify his previous test results against the final version of Cat 6. And remember, the DSP-4100 and 4300 can save graphical tests to 350 MHz, regardless of the test chosen. Contractors and owners can eliminate printing reports on paper by simply “printing” reports to a PDF file. This can be done in LinkWare with the click of one button up on the main toolbar. Save paper and money! For additional information on LinkWare, refer to the DSP-4300 introduction CD and open the PDF containing the LinkWare user manual (or download the manual from the web). OMNIScanner2 Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

“Save to PDF” button is the 4th button from the left on the tool bar.
This slide shows a screen capture of the LinkWare main screen plus a NEXT plot in the lower right corner. Items to note: “Save to PDF” button is the 4th button from the left on the tool bar. You can sort data by clicking on any category at the top of the table. A graphical test report is noted with a graph picture in the info column. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Results Management -- LinkWare helps with TIA 606-A Standards
Example: You have the ID “FLR1 CAB1 BOX 1 23” in the DSP. Using the Import Wizard in LinkWare, the 606-A Tree will be created within LinkWare and sort the test results accordingly Defining Cable ID Fields In this Import Wizard dialog box you define which cable ID characters were used to represent the elements in the cabling installation. The Import Wizard uses the characters in each ID to place the record at the correct level in the database structure. Use the following delimiter to separate the cable ID fields Choose this option if the cable ID fields are separated by dashes, slashes, periods, or any other delimiter (for example C.A5.23). Enter the delimiter in the box. If the IDs use more than one type of delimiter, use the other option. After you enter the delimiter, use the Field Number boxes to define which ID field represents which element in the installation. You do not need to define fields for all the elements listed. Define location of the characters for each field in the cable ID Choose this option if the cable ID fields are not separated by a delimiter (for example, CA523), or if the IDs use more than one type of delimiter (for example, C/A5-23). Use the Position of First Character and Number of Characters boxes to define the positions and lengths of cable ID fields. You do not need to define fields for all the elements listed. For example, for the cable ID C/A5-23, where "C" is the room, "A5" is the rack, and "23" is the patch, you would set the character positions as follows: Room C ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Rack A5 Patch Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Results Management -- Printed Reports
LinkWare Software supports several alternatives to provide test results information to your customer: Graphical color report with measured test points over full frequency range ( Mhz) Text format with worst case and worst value data Summary report which provides a list of the cabling links tested and key information Reports can be printed on paper or sent to an electronic PDF file. Printed Reports LinkWare Software supports several alternatives to provide test results information to your customer: (1) a graphical report with color graphs depicting all of the measured test parameters over the full DSP-4300 frequency range from 1 through 350 MHz; (2) a text format of the numeric summary of the test report (worst case and worst value data points); and (3) a summary report that provides a list of the cabling links tested with a few key information elements. Graphical Reports (shown above) A color graphic report can be viewed on the computer screen or printed by the DSP-CMS software if the complete set of test data points was stored on the memory card in the DSP-4300 during the tests. A sample graphic report has been reproduced on the slide above. The new version of DSP-CMS lets you import and print a bitmap representation of your company logo. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Documentation Suggestions
ALWAYS save test results to a PC Make two copies of the data Print Results to paper or PDF files Do not delete results on the memory cards until you have double-checked the results on the printed output. Get organized!!   Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

What if ... The link doesn’t pass?
What happens when you fail a certification test? This section covers: The importance of diagnostics Digital test technology advantages Using the Fault Info button to see problems after failing a test How to interpret HDTDX and HDTDR graphs Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Causes of Certification Failures
Broken Wires (opens) Shorts Split Pairs Excessive Untwisting (13mm max. for Cat 5e) Damaged Cables (crushed) Component(s) are below the category tested Cable performance is below the category tested Test Lead does not match category being tested Incorrect Setting On Cable Tester You can expect faults such as Broken wires during the best of installations. This can occur when punching down the cable onto the IDC contact. You should not be finding these faults at the time of certification, you should be wire mapping at the time of installation. Delays in repairing faults and time of certification could cause you to run into time penalties. It is also easier to fix faults when the floor is up, the faceplates removed and the patch panel detached from the frame. Use a wiremapper such as the Microscanner Pro or 620 LANCableMeter first. These testers will tell you the distance to the broken wire. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Unique Digital Test Technology
Automated Fault Info Time Domain X-Talk Analyzer If the test fails push Fault Info In addition to telling the technician that a link fails because the “worst case” NEXT value exceeds the limit at some frequency, the DSP-4X00 also reports the distance to the location where the crosstalk failure is occurring. An example is shown in the figure. In the example pictured above, a 20 foot section of CAT 3 grade network cable has inadvertently been installed in the middle of this network link. This link may work at a data rate of 10 Mbps, but when the user upgrades to 100 Mbps Ethernet components, the link would fail and no one would be able to identify why. If during the cable installation, a DSP-4X00 was used to certify the link, the NEXT test would fail, alerting the technician to the problem. More importantly, the DSP-4X00 would display the above graph after running the TDX Analyzer test. This would indicate to the technician the location of the failure so that the problem could quickly be corrected. Another example would be if a CAT 3 connector was installed instead of a CAT 5 connector. The technician would obtain a similar graph as the one above, except that the NEXT limit would only be exceeded for a short distance. The graph would produce a spike at the location of the CAT 3 connector so that the technician could go the very spot where the connector is and replace it. Find the fault and then analyze the fault Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Setup - Bad Links DSP-4X00 Remote Permanent Link Test Adapters
Yellow cable Red cable Blue cable Black cable DSP-4X00 Remote Permanent Link Test Adapters 50’ Grey Cable Loop 6’ Cable Make this section interactive. Have the class respond with the fault. Yellow cable - open on pin 4. The tester will show distance to fault. Have the class swap the placement of the plugs to the opposite receptacles and watch the open move 6 feet. Ask the class if they noticed something different about the test (it stopped, there’s no sense in measuring all the parameters if you have an open ) Red cable - split pair Autotest result will show Fails Wire Map have class press fault info button later review the wire map to show a split pair (hit exit from fault info, press view result, review wire map. Point out that in a split pair the pinout is correct but the pairing is incorrect. This occurs most often when one makes a patch cord without following the proper pair configuration. Notice that NEXT fails and Impedance and everything on screen 2. Blue Cable - have class separate One wire from the rest. Autotest may show Impedance failure or crosstalk failure or wire map failure. Press fault info. View HDTDR and HDTDX screens. Black cable - test time. Have the class test with the link and tell you what’s wrong with the cable (the specific answer is, it’s not a cat5 rated patch cord, it’s telco) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Testing with the Yellow Patch Cord
Replace “good” patch cord with bright yellow patch cord. Press “Test”. Test automatically interrupts to show a wire map problem. Remove the yellow patch cord and reconnect it to the opposite receptacle ends. Press “Test”. Make this section interactive. Have the class respond with the fault! Yellow Cable - Open on Pin 4 Ask the class if they noticed something different about the test (it stopped without conducting a full test ... there’s no sense in measuring all the parameters if you have an open!) The tester will show the distance to the fault. If time allows, have the class swap the placement of the plugs to the opposite receptacles and watch the open move 6 to 7 feet. The DSP measures distance by counting time in nanoseconds! (+/- 1 nanosecond accuracy). An electron moves approximately 8” per nanosecond in a copper cable. What do you see? Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Testing with Red Patch Cord
Replace yellow patch cord with red patch cord. Press “Test”. Review Autotest results. Press “Fault Info” button. Select “Wire Map”, press Enter”. View the split pairs wire map. Review useful fault information with recommended solutions. Press “View HDTDX” blue button to see high definition plot. Red Cable - Split Pair Autotest result will show Fails Wire Map. Have the class press the fault info button. Continue by pressing the View HDTDX button. Note the large amount of crosstalk in the middle of the cable (due to the red cable with the switched pair). Within HDTDX, any event which peaks over the 50% line will result in a crosstalk failure. Of course, you can still fail crosstalk without a single occurrence over the 50% line by accumulative smaller levels of crosstalk across the entire length of the cable. Return to the main screen and drill into the View Result menu. Select Wire Map to show a split pair. Point out that in a split pair the pinout is correct but the pairing is incorrect. This occurs most often when one makes a patch cord without following the proper pair configuration. Notice on the first page that NEXT and Impedance fail ... and that everything on the second page fails. Press “Exit” button twice. Press “View Result” blue button. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Testing with Blue Patch Cord
Replace red patch cord with blue patch cord. Separate wires from each other and press “Test”. Review Autotest results. Press “Fault Info” button. Page through the various failures and stop at “Return Loss Failure”. Press “View HDTDR” blue button to see high definition time domain reflectometry plot. Blue Cable - Multiple Failures: NEXT, Return Loss NOTE: It is critical that the students separate the wires as shown to get a return loss failure in addition to crosstalk. If the wires are too close to one another, you will get a wire map failure (switched pair diagnostics based upon excessive crosstalk measurement). The goal of this exercise is to get a Return Loss failure and demonstrate how to read the HDTDR graph. Since the tester reports failures in alphabetical order, the first typical failure will be NEXT. After pressing the Fault Info button, the student will be able to press F4 and page through various failures. Towards the end of the list, the student will reach Return Loss Failure. This is the failure we wish to further analyze. Review the HDTDR plot and point out the following (left to right): A typical connector reflection. The small positive pulse followed with an equal and opposite negative pulse shows the transition at the connection point. Excessive reflections halfway through the cable due to impedance variation caused by the separated wires. Another typical connector reflection. A large spike designating the end of the cable (normal behavior) Note how impedance variation causes return loss failure. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Cable Testing with Black Patch Cord
Replace blue patch cord with black patch cord. Press “Test”. Test finishes and displays Autotest results. Press “Fault Info” button for more info. Fault Info provides the exact location of the problem and recommended solution. The unique digital technology pinpoints problems -- even in the middle of the cable! Press “View HDTDX” blue button to see high definition time domain crosstalk plot. Black Cable - Quiz Time! Have the class test with the link and tell you what’s wrong with the cable (besides the obvious NEXT failure). (The answer: It’s not a Cat 5e rated patch cord, it’s Cat 3 telco.) Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Patch Cord and Spool Test Solution
How do we know whether a patch cord meets the requirements? Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

A Patch Cord NEXT: Return Loss:
Major contribution from the mated NEXT performance of the plugs at the end of the patch cord with the jacks in the test adapters Small contribution from the cable Return Loss: Major contribution from the cable Small contribution from the connections Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Standards Define Patch Cord Test
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 Paragraph : NEXT Loss NEXT Loss of near-end connection Worst-case addition of the NEXT Loss of the remote connection compensated for the round trip attenuation of the cable Plus NEXT of patch cord cable Plus an allowance for reflected FEXT (=0.5 dB) NEXT Loss test limits of patch cords is length-dependent Very similar to latest draft of IEC Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

NEXT Measurement Adapter Modular Jacks Tester Adapter Main Unit
Remote Unit Main Unit Adapter Modular Jacks NEXT measurement: Modular jack is the “reference” must be selected to meet the Cat 6 component-level definition These jacks can also be used to certify Cat 5e patch cords Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Return Loss Measurement
Tester Adapter Remote Unit Tester Adapter Attenuation Circuit (5dB) for each wire pair Main Unit Main unit is (factory) calibrated using one-port calibration (Open, Short and 100 Ω load) To diminish effect of far-end termination: 5 dB attenuation circuit in remote adapter Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Product Offering Product description: Patch Cord Test
Model: DSP-PCI-6S Contains two adapters (main and remote) Main unit adapter: DSP-PCI-M6 remote unit adapter: DSP-PCI-R6 A CD-ROM Manual for Patch Cord / Spool Test Test data base to be downloaded in the DSP-4X00 Test data base includes main link model tests as well as patch cord and spool test specifications Data sheet Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Spool Test Verify the quality of the cable before installing or processing Supports solid core horizontal cable and stranded cable to construct patch cords Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Options The DSP-4300 Test Database must be updated to “Standards Version 5.12F” Inspect cable on the spool Test standard “TIA Cat x Cable 300mSpool” or “TIA Cat x PCable 300mSpool” Test a 100 m cable against the industry standard for Cable (TIA/EIA-568-B.2 and Addendum 1) without connectorizing Test all link parameters Select test Standard: “TIA Catx Cable 100m” or “TIA Catx Pcable 100m” Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Setup Select appropriate standard in the ‘Setup’ mode
Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Spool Test Results Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP- 4X00 Series Cable Analyzers
Summary of Benefits Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Unsurpassed Ruggedness
Designed for the abuses found on construction sites Tough over-molding makes it able to withstand drops onto concrete floors Protected display Assures more time testing, less time waiting for service Don’t be afraid to show off the ruggedness of the the DSP-4000 series cable testers … drop the tester on the desk! Only Fluke has the experience to design the most rugged cable tester in the industry. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Easy-to-Use Test in 3 Simple Steps 1. Turn to Autotest 2. Press [TEST]
3. Press [Save] Easy to select test standards If a link fails a test, simply press [FAULT INFO] Spend less time training, more time testing! This has been demonstrated already! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Unique Permanent Link Solution
More Passes! (Fewer RL false failures) Patent pending design using precision cable Removable connector head assembly for flexible change out of vendor specific plugs Higher accuracy Ruggedized patch cord provides longer life The Permanent Link Adapter system uses a patent pending precision cable design with a removable plug module assembly that can accommodate customized versions as required by cabling system vendors. The accuracy level of the DSP 4000 series Digital Cable Analyzer is improved significantly with the Permanent Link Adapter system as the variances with traditional stranded UTP found in tester connecting cords is no longer a factor. Only the DSP 4000 series can meet stringent TIA tester accuracy specifications when measured from the end of the Permanent Link Adapter. All the other competitors can only meet these specifications at the high quality interconnect (where the adapter connects to the unit) due to the degradation of their permanent link solution over time. Fluke Networks gives you a unique system solution, resulting in the most accurate test measurements possible. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Superior Diagnostics with Digital Testing
Fault Info The tester decides which additional data to analyze to assist in coming up with the most appropriate diagnostics: Automatically diagnoses cabling faults and graphically displays the cabling link and the location of the defect. Intelligent recommendation on how to fix problem. One button push for more detailed HDTDR or HDTDX plots or both! Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Test Results Management
The new Fluke DSP allows more flexibility than ever before to manage test results: Enhanced Internal Memory Removable Memory Cards LinkWare Software Graphical Test Reports Cable Test Re-certification The DSP-4300 Cable Tester provides key tools to help the customer better record complete test data, electronically manage that data, and print graphical test results. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

DSP Cable Analyzer - What’s in it for me?
Digital Test Technology gets the job done right the first time. Instantaneous and complete diagnostics save hours of blind troubleshooting. Graphical test data storage and transport system keeps tester in the field generating revenue. LinkWare® “freeware” allows simple electronic management of test data. Laboratory grade Permanent Link Adapters eliminate unnecessary test failures. Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

On-Line Reference Material
Statement of Work – proposed text for Field test requirements: Technical reference web site: Fluke Networks’ government web site: Network Cabling Test and Certification Workshops

Twisted-Pair Copper Cabling

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