1. Stephen F. Austin and the Empresarios

2. Spain (until 1821) and Mexico United States

3. Mexico

5. Empresarios Land agents appointed by the Mexican government to sell land in Texas. Usually sold land to Americans

8. Baron de Bastrop Alcalde in San Antonio Convinced Gov. Martinez to grant Moses Austin’s request to colonize TX City of Bastrop named for him

10. Moses Austin First Anglo American to get a land grant from Spain Father of Stephen F. Austin

11. Ok Dad… I’ll carry out your plans for settling Texas. Stephen F. Austin Father of Texas Took control of his father’s land grant after his death Most successful empresario Received land grant with new Mexican government Founded city of San Felipe de Austin as capital The Old 300 Original settlers who came with Stephen F. Austin

12. Nacogdoches San Antonio Goliad Saltillo San Antonio Goliad Nacogdoches Saltillo (captial of CyT) Towns already in Texas when Moses Austin showed up

13. Reasons for allowing American Settlement 1.Still needed to hold the land 2.Mexicans did not want to live so far away from Mexico City 3.Mexicans did not want to live near hostile Native Americans

14. Austin’s First Colony Located between the Colorado and the Brazos Rivers On the coast because he knew he would need a port. Everything went well until 1822: The Lively shipwrecked and Austin lost a lot of supplies and colonists Mexico won it’s independence from Spain in 1821… so now Austin had to get permission to colonize Texas from the new Mexican government Austin got a ship, the Lively to take people and supplies to the new colony from New Orleans

15. After securing his contract with Mexico, Austin traveled around Texas and found what he thought was the best land for settling What are some things that make land good for settling?

16. REQUIREMENTS FOR SETTLING IN TEXAS: How It Worked… Each empresario would sign a contract with the government of Mexico whereby they promised to settle a certain number of families (in Austin’s first contract he was supposed to settle 300 families) You had to become Catholic You had to become a citizen of your new country (Spain, and later Mexico) You had to be of good moral character

17. Austin interviewed the settlers and chose the people he thought would be the best for a settlement. If you had an especially useful job (merchant, doctor, mill and ferry operators) they would get extra land. I CHOOSE YOU!

18. Dividing the Land The deal that Stephen F. Austin worked out with Spanish (and then Mexican) officials included the following: Every man who came to Austin for land would receive 640 acres for himself 320 acres for his wife 160 acres for each child 80 acres for each slave Each settler paid Austin $0.12 an acre

19. Other Successful Empresarios Green Dewitt Brought 400 families Founded city of Gonzales Martin de Leon Settled the Guadalupe R. Founded city of Victoria

21. Irish Settlements Power & Hewetson South of De Leon’s colony Founded the city of Refugio 1 st Irish colony McMullen & McGloin Along the coast Founded San Patricio

23. Why Use an Empresario? 1.Most settlers could not speak Spanish and needed the empresarios help getting the title to their land 2.Most of the desirable land was held by the empresarios After Austin opened the door… many more men came to Texas to make money as an empresario… these men brought hundreds of American families to Texas… Population of Texas in 1821 (When SFA started): 7,000 Population of Texas in 1833 (around the end of empresarios) 20,000 HOW DO YOU THINK THIS CHANGE IN POPULATION AFFECTED THE HISTORY OF TEXAS?

24. Nacogdoches San Antonio Goliad Saltillo San Antonio Goliad Nacogdoches Saltillo (captial of CyT) Towns already in Texas when Moses Austin showed up

25. Nacogdoches San Felipe de Austin Bastrop Gonzales Victoria Saltillo Population BEFORE Empresarios: 7,000 Population AFTER Empresarios: 22,000 Towns established after the Americans came San Felipe Gonzales Victoria Refugio Galveston Bastrop San Patricio And many more… Refugio San Patricio

26. QUICKWRITE In the space of 12 years, the population of Texas grew fivefold, from 4,000 in 1822 to more than 21,000 in 1834. This population increase was due largely to the arrival of Anglo American colonists led by empresarios such as Stephen F. Austin and Green DeWitt. Why do you think Americans were so eager to settle in Texas?

27. Answers to Warm-Up Americans wanted to own land To get rich To face challenge of adventure To flee poverty or lack of opportunity in their home states