1. International Workshop on Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Concluding Remarks Since 1950 the global incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing, even without radiation exposures. The current increases in thyroid cancer rate is likely attributable to screening. Children in the evacuated population are experiencing twice the incidence of mental health issues than others. Female children have higher incidence than male children. The Pregnancy survey showed no increase in miscarriages or induced abortions. International experts have provided recommendations to further enhance existing programs and establish some new initiatives, particularly in the area of risk communications.

2. International Workshop on Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Concluding Remarks The WHO dose estimates are overestimates and should be considered as “upper bounds” of the potential for dose. It is important that the FMU Survey continue and participation increased in order to make informed health care decisions to more accurately determine thyroid doses should continue. The Chernobyl experiences will assist Japan in the development of and interpretation of the results of their thyroid screening and treatment plans.

3. International Workshop on Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Concluding Remarks Global Chernobyl results indicate thyroid cancer latency period is 4 to 6 years. Excess relative risk of thyroid cancer appears to be relatively consistent at about 3. The program for the surveillance of thyroid cancer in TEPCO workers is consistent with current medical practices. Stakeholder involvement is central to the recovery from an accident, using a multidisciplinary team, to create sustainable decisions and build trust.