1. Institute for Economics and Peace
The Pillars of Peace
Steve Killelea, Executive Chairman
Institute for Economics and Peace
Vienna, Austria

2. Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)
“The Institute for Economics and Peace is an independent, not-for-profit, research institute dedicated to building a greater understanding of the key drivers and measures of peace and to identifying the economic benefits that increased peacefulness can deliver”
Institute for Economics and peace is dedicated to understanding the intersection between peace, prosperity and the economy.
We particularly seek to strip peace of its utopian connotations through developing methodologies and tools which move peace from a utopian ideal to a measurable goal.
Sydney, New York

3. Many Unprecedented Challenges Facing Humanity
Challenges are global, urgent and require unparalleled co-operation
Importance of peace in the 21th century
Peace is the pre-requisite for the survival of humanity
Peace is the prerequisite for solving these problems

4. Defining and Measuring Peace
The perfect state would have no Police, Jails or Crime
Negative peace
Measures
Crime
Suppression
Military
War
Positive peace
Derived through statistical analysis of datasets, indices and attitudes with the GPI
GPI
Positive Peace Index

5. The Pillars of Peace:
“The attitudes, institutions and structures that help encourage and sustain a peaceful society”

6. The Pillars of Peace The attitudes, institutions and structures that sustain a peaceful society
Analysed over 4,700 variables covering:
Macro-economy;
Social relations and attitudes;
Economic and social development;
Economic and social integration;
The functioning and structure of government.

7. The Pillars of Peace The attitudes, institutions and structures that sustain a peaceful society
Free Flow of Information
Peace & Resilience
Good Relations with Neighbours
Acceptance of the Rights of Others
Equitable Distribution of Resources
Sound business environment
Well functioning government
A High-Level of Human Capital
Low-Levels of Corruption
As part of our research into the underlying mechanisms which foster peace we have developed an eight-part taxonomy of the characteristics of societies which tend to be more peaceful.
In developing this methodology we analysed over 900 variables describing the characteristics and attitudes of nations.
This underlying structure was then used to develop the methodology underlying the ‘Positive Peace Index’’
The Positive Peace Index uses measures of the underlying structure and quality of institutions which were found to support peace.
In this regard the positive peace index can therefore be thought of as a nation’s potential for peace

8. A Well-Functioning Government
Source
Index
Indicator
Year
Correlation Coefficient
Economist Intelligence Unit
Political Democracy Index
Overall Score
2011
-0.619
Functioning of government
-0.633
Political culture
-0.662
Civil liberties
-0.562
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Sustainable Governance Indicators (OECD countries only)
Status Score
-0.689
Quality of Democracy
-0.677
Social Affairs
Security
-0.815
Resources
-0.609
Intermediary Organizations
-0.582
Freedom House
Freedom in the World Survey
0.618
Political Rights
0.572
Civil Liberties
0.653
World Bank
World Governance Indicators
Voice and Accountability
2010
-0.645
Political Stability
-0.843
Government Effectiveness
-0.727
Regulatory Quality
-0.681
Rule of Law
-0.766
Legatum Foundation
Legatum Prosperity Index
Political Constraints
-0.548
Separation of Powers
-0.631
Confidence in the Honesty of Elections
-0.499
Governance Sub-Index Scores
-0.736
Civil War
0.547
United Nations
Human Development Index
-0.573
Brookings Institute
Index of State Weakness in the Developing World
2008
-0.683
Economic
-0.552
Political
-0.636
-0.775
The Economist Intelligence Unit’s ‘Functioning of Government’ Indicator is a survey based indicator of the extent to which the government can act effectively (eg an independent legislature, being free to act without influence from external powers, separate from the military etc).

9. A Sound Business Environment
The most peaceful countries consistently tended to have lower levels of inflation.
Source
Index
Indicator
Year
Correlation Coefficient
World Bank
Ease of Doing Business
Overall Rank
2011
0.542
Trading Across Borders
0.524
Closing a Business
0.512
World Economic Forum
Global Competitiveness Report
Technological Readiness
-0.643
Institutions
-0.628
Basic Requirements
-0.624
Higher Education and Training
-0.598
Goods Market Efficiency
-0.597
Overall Score
Infrastructure
-0.588
Efficiency Enhancers
-0.578
Innovation and Sophistication Factors
-0.573
Health and Primary Education
-0.512
Heritage Foundation
Index of Economic Freedom
Property Rights
-0.673
-0.602
Business Freedom
-0.566
Financial Freedom
-0.514
Economist Intelligence Unit
GDP per capita
-0.581
Legatum Foundation
Legatum Prosperity Index
2010
-0.756
Entrepreneurship and Opportunity Sub-Index Score
-0.683
Capital Per Worker
-0.606
Economy Sub-Index Score
-0.551
World Development Indicators
R+D Expenditure
-0.582
Frazer Institute
Economic Freedom of the World Index
2008
-0.585
The Economist Intelligence Unit’s ‘Functioning of Government’ Indicator is a survey based indicator of the extent to which the government can act effectively (eg an independent legislature, being free to act without influence from external powers, separate from the military etc).

10. A Sound Business Environment
The most peaceful countries consistently tended to have lower levels of inflation.
The Economist Intelligence Unit’s ‘Functioning of Government’ Indicator is a survey based indicator of the extent to which the government can act effectively (eg an independent legislature, being free to act without influence from external powers, separate from the military etc).

11. Equitable Distribution of Resources
Where the level of inequality in human development is lower, nations tend to be more peaceful.

12. Acceptance of the Rights of Others
States which are more accepting tend to be more peaceful.

13. Good Relations with Neighbours
More peaceful countries tended to have better regional relationships and a higher level of integration.

14. A High-Level of Human Capital
Those countries with better education outcomes tended to be more peaceful.

15. Free-Flow of Information
Countries where access, production and the dissemination of information was better tended to be more peaceful.

16. Low-Levels of Corruption
The most peaceful regions, tended to be the least corrupt.

17. Optimum Environment for Human Potential to Flourish
Peaceful Societies are more Resilient
Pillars of Peace Operate as a System
Pillars of Peace are statistically associated with:
Strong Business Environments
Gender Equality
Transparency
Better personal Relations

18. The Pillars of Peace and Resilience

19. Equitable Distribution of Resources
Those countries which have historically have greater equality in land ownership have experienced relatively better outcomes in terms of peace.

20. Acceptance of the Rights of Others
Countries which tended to be more accepting were also those which have historically been more resilient.

21. Good Relations with Neighbours
Countries with higher levels intergroup cohesion have tended to be those which experienced better outcomes in terms of peace.

22. A High-Level of Human Capital
Historically, those countries with higher levels of human capital tended to be those who have experienced the most positive outcomes in terms of peace.

23. Free-Flow of Information
Those countries with greater levels of press freedom tended to be those who have experienced the lowest declines in their peace.

24. Low-Levels of Corruption
Those states with higher levels of corruption have tended to be those who have experienced the largest declines in their peace.

25. The Positive Peace Index
Measuring the strength of the Pillars
Derived through Statistical analysis of datasets, indices and attitudes with the Global Peace Index.
Describes the strength of the Pillars of Peace in a nation.

26. Positive Peace Index Indicators
INSERT MAP
Those countries which tended to score more favourably in terms of ‘Positive Peace’ also tended to be those who scored favourably in terms of the Global Peace Index.
Where there were large differences between a country’s potential for peace (as measured by the PPI) and actual peace (as measured by the GPI) it is said there is a ‘peace deficit’.

27. Weak Pillars = Greater Vulnerability
Big fallers with positive peace deficits in 2008:
Syria
Rwanda
Madagascar
Egypt
21 Indicators by each positive peace domain
Weighing determined by statistical significance of each indicator against the global peace index.

28. Peace, MDGs and Development
Developing nations with stronger pillars have achieve more of their MDGs.
The positive peace index is therefore about measuring resilience and underlying capacity for peace
It is important to highlight that trends in conflict show short- term deterioration or progress, but does not help identify an ability of a country to become more resilient or develop the institutional capacity to resist and recover from political, economic, environmental or social shocks. To understand longer term resilience and capacity building, IEP has developed a Positive Peace Index (PPI), which measures of the strength of the attitudes, institutions, and structures that support peace of in 126 nations.